IELTS Handbook 19 - Test 2 - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

part 1

Questions

1 – 6

Questions 1-6. Complete the form below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Guitar Group Coordinator: Gary 1

Level: 2

Place: the 3

Street First floor, Room T347 Time: Thursday morning at 5

am Recommended website: ‘The perfect 6

‘

Questions

7 – 10

Questions 7-10. Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

part 2

Questions

11 – 16

Questions 11-16. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Working as a lifeboat volunteer

11
What made David leave London and move to Northsea?
A
He was eager to develop a hobby.
B
He wanted to work shorter hours.
C
He found his job in website design unsatisfying.

12
The Lifeboat Institution in Northsea was built with money provided by
A
a local organisation.
B
a local resident.
C
the local council.

13
In his health assessment, the doctor was concerned about the fact that David
A
might be colour blind.
B
was rather short-sighted.
C
had undergone eye surgery.

14
After arriving at the lifeboat station, they aim to launch the boat within
A
five minutes.
B
six to eight minutes.
C
eight and a half minutes.

15
As a ‘helmsman’, David has the responsibility of deciding
A
who will be the members of his crew.
B
what equipment it will be necessary to take.
C
if the lifeboat should be launched.

16
As well as going out on the lifeboat, David
A
gives talks on safety at sea.
B
helps with fundraising.
C
recruits new volunteers.

Questions

17 – 18

Questions 17 and 18. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things does David say about the lifeboat volunteer training?

17
18
A
The residential course developed his leadership skills.

B
The training in use of ropes and knots was quite brief.

C
The training exercises have built up his mental strength.

D
The casualty care activities were particularly challenging for him.

E
The wave tank activities provided practice in survival techniques.

Questions

19 – 20

Questions 19 and 20. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things does David find most motivating about the work he does?

19
20
A
working as part of a team

B
experiences when working in winter

C
being thanked by those he has helped

D
the fact that it keeps him fit

E
the chance to develop new equipment

part 3

Questions

21 – 24

Questions 21-24. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21
At first, Don thought the topic of recycling footwear might be too
A
limited in scope.
B
hard to research.
C
boring for listeners.

22
When discussing trainers, Bella and Don disagree about
A
how popular they are among young people.
B
how suitable they are for school.
C
how quickly they wear out.

23
Bella says that she sometimes recycles shoes because
A
they no longer fit.
B
she no longer likes them.
C
they are no longer in fashion.

24
What did the article say that confused Don?
A
Public consumption of footwear has risen.
B
Less footwear is recycled now than in the past.
C
People dispose of more footwear than they used to.

Questions

25 – 28

Questions 25-28. What reasons did the recycling manager give for rejecting footwear, according to the students? Choose FOUR answers

one shoe was missing
the colour of one shoe had faded
one shoe had a hole in it
the shoes were brand new
the shoes were too dirty
the stitching on the shoes was broken

the high-heeled shoes

Chọn đáp án

the ankle boots

Chọn đáp án

the baby shoes

Chọn đáp án

the trainers

Chọn đáp án

Questions

29 – 30

Questions 29-30. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

29
Why did the project to make ‘new’ shoes out of old shoes fail?
A
People believed the ‘new’ pairs of shoes were unhygienic.
B
There were not enough good parts to use in the old shoes.
C
The shoes in the ‘new’ pairs were not completely alike.

30
Bella and Don agree that they can present their topic
A
from a new angle.
B
with relevant images.
C
in a straightforward way.

part 4

Questions

31 – 40

Questions 31-40. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Tardigrades more than 1,000 species, 0.05-1.2 millimetres long also known as water ‘bears’ (due to how they 31 31

) and ‘moss piglets’ Physical appearance a 32

round body and four pairs of legs claws or 33

for gripping absence of respiratory organs body filled with a liquid that carries both 34

and blood mouth shaped like a 35

with teeth called stylets Habitat often found at the bottom of a lake or on plants very resilient and can exist in very low or high 36

Cryptobiosis In dry conditions, they roll into a ball called a ‘tun’. They stay alive with a much lower metabolism than usual. A type of 37

ensures their DNA is not damaged. Research is underway to find out how many days they can stay alive in 38

Feeding consume liquids, e.g., those found in moss or 39

may eat other tardigrades Conservation status They are not considered to be 40

part 1

Questions

1 – 6

Questions 1-6. Complete the form below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Guitar Group Coordinator: Gary 1

Level: 2

Place: the 3

Street First floor, Room T347 Time: Thursday morning at 5

am Recommended website: ‘The perfect 6

‘

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript

WOMAN: Hi, Coleman. How are you?

COLEMAN: Good. Thanks.

WOMAN: I wanted to have a chat with you because our friend Josh told me that you’ve joined a guitar group, and it sounds interesting. I’d really like to learn by myself.

COLEMAN: Why don’t you come along? I’m sure there’s room for another person.

WOMAN: Really? So who runs the classes?

COLEMAN: (Q1) He’s called a Coordinator. His name’s Gary Mathieson. [Anh ấy được gọi là Điều phối viên. Tên anh ấy là Gary Mathieson.]

WOMAN: Let me note that down. Gary, how do you spell his surname?

COLEMAN: It’s M-A-T-H-I-E-S-O-N.

WOMAN: Right. Thanks.

COLEMAN: He’s retired, actually, but he’s a really nice guy, and he used to play in a lot of bands.

WOMAN: Thanks. So how long have you been going?

COLEMAN: About a month now.

WOMAN: And could you play anything before you started?

COLEMAN: I knew a few chords, but that’s all.

WOMAN: I’m sure everyone will be better than me.

COLEMAN: That’s what I thought too. (Q2) When I first spoke to Gary on the phone, he said it was a class for (= level) beginners [Lần đầu tiên tôi nói chuyện với Gary qua điện thoại, anh ấy nói đây là lớp học dành cho người mới bắt đầu], but I was still worried that everyone would be better than me, but we were all equally hopeless.

WOMAN: Oh, that’s reassuring. So where (= place) do you meet?

COLEMAN: Well, (Q3) when I joined the group they were meeting in Gary’s home, but as the group got bigger he decided to book a room at the college in town [Khi tôi gia nhập nhóm, họ gặp nhau tại nhà của Gary, nhưng khi nhóm ngày càng đông hơn, anh ấy quyết định đặt phòng tại trường đại học trong thị trấn.]. I prefer going there.

WOMAN: I know that place. I used to go to tap dancing classes there when I was at secondary school. I haven’t been since though and I can’t remember what road it’s in… Is it Lock Street?

COLEMAN: (Q4) It’s just beyond there, at the bottom of New Street, near the City roundabout. [Nó ở ngay bên kia, cuối Phố Mới, gần bùng binh Thành phố.]

WOMAN: Yes, of course.

COLEMAN: The guitar club is on the 1st floor in room T347.

WOMAN: Right. And when (= time) do you meet? Is it at the weekend?

COLEMAN: We meet on Thursdays. (Q5) It used to be 10:30 and that suited me well, but now we meet at 11. [Trước đây là vào lúc 10:30 và điều đó rất hợp với tôi, nhưng bây giờ chúng ta gặp nhau lúc 11 giờ.] The class that’s in there before us asked if they could have the room for another 30 minutes.

WOMAN: Oh, I see. Well, I’d love to come, but I don’t have a guitar.

COLEMAN: Well, you can always buy a secondhand one. (Q6) There’s a website called The Perfect Instrument that sells all kinds of guitars, violins and so on. [Có một trang web tên là The Perfect Instrument bán tất cả các loại guitar, violin, v.v.] I’m sure you’ll find something there.

Questions

7 – 10

Questions 7-10. Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript

WOMAN: So what’s a typical lesson like with Gary?

COLEMAN: Well, he always starts by getting us to tune our guitars. That takes about 5 minutes.

WOMAN: Uh-huh.

COLEMAN: (Q7) Some people have an app they use, but others do it by ear. [Một số người có ứng dụng để sử dụng nhưng những người khác lại dùng tai để làm .] Gary goes round and helps them, and while he’s doing that he tells us what he’s going to do during the lesson.

WOMAN: Right.

COLEMAN: First, we usually spend about 10 minutes doing some strumming.

WOMAN: So is that using oh, what are they called? Plectrums?

COLEMAN: No. We just use our thumbs.

WOMAN: Much easier.

COLEMAN: Gary reminds us where to put our fingers for each chord (= strumming chords using our thumbs) and then we play them together. (Q8) Sometimes we all just start laughing because we’re so bad at keeping time, so Gary starts clapping to help us. [Đôi khi tất cả chúng tôi chỉ cười vì chúng tôi quá tệ trong việc duy trì nhịp điệu, nên Gary bắt đầu vỗ tay giúp đỡ chúng tôi.]

WOMAN: Do you learn to play any songs?

COLEMAN: Yes. We do at least one song with words and chords. I mean, that’s harder than you think.

WOMAN: Oh, I’m sure it is.

COLEMAN: That part of the lesson takes about 15 minutes. (Q9) He often brings a recording of the song and plays it to us first. [Anh ấy thường mang bản thu âm của bài hát đến cho chúng tôi nghe trước.] Then he hands out the song, and if there’s a new chord in it, we practice that before we play it together, but really slowly.

WOMAN: Do you do any fingerpicking?

COLEMAN: That’s the last 10 minutes of the lesson, when we pick out the individual notes (= single notes) from a tune he’s made up. It’s always quite simple.

WOMAN: That must be hard though.

COLEMAN: It is. But people like it because they can really concentrate. And if we’re all playing well, it sounds quite impressive. (Q10) The only trouble is that he sometimes gets us to play one at a time, you know, alone. [Rắc rối duy nhất là đôi khi anh ấy bắt chúng tôi chơi từng nốt một, bạn biết đấy, chơi một mình.]

WOMAN: Oh, that’s scary.

COLEMAN: It is, but I’ve got used to it now. At the end he spends about 5 minutes telling us what to practice for the following week.

WOMAN: Well, thanks, Coleman. I’ll go and have a look at that website, I think.

part 2

Questions

11 – 16

Questions 11-16. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Working as a lifeboat volunteer

11
What made David leave London and move to Northsea?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
He was eager to develop a hobby.
B
He wanted to work shorter hours.
C
He found his job in website design unsatisfying.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
What made David leave London and move to Northsea? A. He was eager to develop a hobby. B. He wanted to work shorter hours. C. He found his job in website design unsatisfying.	I never really planned to be a lifeboat volunteer when I came to live in North Sea. I’d been working in London as a website designer, but although that was interesting, I didn’t like city life. I’d been really keen on boats as a teenager, and I thought if I went to live by the sea, I might be able to pursue that interest a bit more in my free time. [Tôi có thể theo đuổi sở thích đó nhiều hơn một chút khi rảnh rỗi.] Then I found that the Lifeboat Institution was looking for volunteers, so I decided to apply.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Điều gì đã khiến David rời London và chuyển đến Northsea? A. Anh ấy háo hức phát triển một sở thích. B. Anh ấy muốn làm việc ít giờ hơn. C. Anh ấy thấy công việc thiết kế trang web của mình không thỏa mãn.

12
The Lifeboat Institution in Northsea was built with money provided by
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
a local organisation.
B
a local resident.
C
the local council.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
The Lifeboat Institution in Northsea was built with money provided by A. a local organisation. B. a local resident. C. the local council.	The Lifeboat Institution building here in North Sea is hard to miss. It’s one of the largest in the country. It was built 15 years ago, with funds provided by a generous member of the public who’d lived here all her life. [Nó được xây dựng cách đây 15 năm, với nguồn vốn được cung cấp bởi một thành viên quần chúng hào phóng đã sống ở đây cả đời.] As the Lifeboat Institution is a charity that relies on that kind of donation rather than funding provided by the government, that was a huge help to us.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Viện Thuyền cứu sinh ở Northsea được xây dựng bằng tiền được cung cấp bởi A. một tổ chức địa phương. B. một cư dân địa phương. C. hội đồng địa phương.

13
In his health assessment, the doctor was concerned about the fact that David
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
might be colour blind.
B
was rather short-sighted.
C
had undergone eye surgery.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
In his health assessment, the doctor was concerned about the fact that David A. might be colour blind. B. was rather short-sighted. C. had undergone eye surgery.	When I applied, I had to have a health assessment. The doctors were particularly interested in my vision. I used to be short sighted, so I’d had to wear glasses, but I’d had laser eye surgery 2 years earlier, so that was okay. They gave me tests for colour blindness, and they thought I might have a problem there, but it turned out I was okay. [Họ đưa cho tôi các xét nghiệm về bệnh mù màu và họ nghĩ rằng tôi có thể gặp vấn đề với nó, nhưng hóa ra tôi vẫn ổn.]
DỊCH NGHĨA
Trong bản đánh giá sức khỏe của mình, bác sĩ lo ngại về việc David A. có thể bị mù màu. B. đã bị cận. C. đã trải qua phẫu thuật mắt.

14
After arriving at the lifeboat station, they aim to launch the boat within
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
five minutes.
B
six to eight minutes.
C
eight and a half minutes.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
After arriving at the lifeboat station, they aim to launch the boat within A. five minutes. B. six to eight minutes. C. eight and a half minutes.	When the Coast Guard gets an alert, all the volunteers are contacted and rushed to the lifeboat station. Our target’s to get there in 5 minutes. Then we try to get the boat off the dock and out to sea in another 6 to 8 minutes. [Sau đó chúng tôi cố gắng đưa thuyền rời bến và ra khơi trong 6 đến 8 phút nữa.] Our team’s proud that we usually achieve that. The average time across the country is 8 and a half minutes.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Sau khi đến trạm xuồng cứu sinh, họ định cho thuyền rời bến trong A. năm phút. B. sáu đến tám phút. C. tám phút rưỡi.

15
As a ‘helmsman’, David has the responsibility of deciding
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
who will be the members of his crew.
B
what equipment it will be necessary to take.
C
if the lifeboat should be launched.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
As a ‘helmsman’, David has the responsibility of deciding A. who will be the members of his crew. B. what equipment it will be necessary to take. C. if the lifeboat should be launched.	I’ve recently qualified as what’s called a helmsman, which means I have the ultimate responsibility for the lifeboat. I have to check that the equipment we use is in working order, the crew have special life jackets that can support up to 4 people in the water, and it’s ultimately my decision whether it’s safe to launch the boat. [Thủy thủ đoàn có áo phao đặc biệt có thể hỗ trợ tối đa 4 người dưới nước và cuối cùng tôi là người quyết định liệu việc hạ thủy thuyền có an toàn hay không.] But it’s very rare not to launch it, even in the worst weather.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Với tư cách là “người cầm lái”, David có trách nhiệm quyết định A. ai sẽ là thành viên trong thủy thủ đoàn của anh ấy. B. cần phải mang theo những thiết bị gì. C. trường hợp nào xuồng cứu sinh nên được hạ thủy.

16
As well as going out on the lifeboat, David
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
gives talks on safety at sea.
B
helps with fundraising.
C
recruits new volunteers.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
As well as going out on the lifeboat, David A. gives talks on safety at sea. B. helps with fundraising. C. recruits new volunteers.	As well as going out on the lifeboat, my work involves other things too. A lot of people underestimate how quickly conditions can change at sea, so I speak to youth groups and sailing clubs in the area about the sorts of problems that sailors and swimmers can have if the weather suddenly gets bad. [vì vậy tôi nói chuyện với các nhóm thanh niên và câu lạc bộ chèo thuyền trong khu vực về những vấn đề mà các thủy thủ và người bơi lội có thể gặp phải nếu thời tiết xấu đột ngột.] We also have a lot of volunteers who organize activities to raise money for us, and we couldn’t manage without them.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Cùng với việc đi xuồng, David A. thuyết trình về an toàn trên biển. B. giúp gây quỹ. C. tuyển tình nguyện viên mới.

Questions

17 – 18

Questions 17 and 18. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things does David say about the lifeboat volunteer training?

17
18
A
The residential course developed his leadership skills.

B
The training in use of ropes and knots was quite brief.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

C
The training exercises have built up his mental strength.

D
The casualty care activities were particularly challenging for him.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

E
The wave tank activities provided practice in survival techniques.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Which TWO things does David say about the lifeboat volunteer training? A. The residential course developed his leadership skills. B. The training in use of ropes and knots was quite brief. C. The training exercises have built up his mental strength. D. The casualty care activities were particularly challenging for him. E. The wave tank activities provided practice in survival techniques.	The training we get is a continuous process, focusing on technical competence and safe handling techniques, and it’s given me the confidence to deal with extreme situations without panicking. [Quá trình đào tạo mà chúng tôi nhận được là một quá trình liên tục, tập trung vào năng lực kỹ thuật và kỹ thuật xử lý an toàn, đồng thời giúp tôi tự tin xử lý các tình huống khắc nghiệt mà không hoảng sợ.] I was glad I’d done a first aid course before I started, as that’s a big help with the casualty care activities we do. We’ve done a lot on how to deal with ropes and tie knots. That’s an essential skill. After a year, I did a 1 week residential course led by specialists. They had a wave tank where they could create extreme weather conditions, so we could get experience of what to do if the boat turned over in a storm at night, for example. [Họ có một bể tạo sóng nơi họ có thể tạo ra các điều kiện thời tiết khắc nghiệt, để chúng tôi có thể rút kinh nghiệm về những việc cần làm nếu con thuyền bị lật trong một cơn bão vào ban đêm chẳng hạn.]
DỊCH NGHĨA
David nói HAI điều gì về khóa đào tạo tình nguyện viên xuồng cứu sinh? A. Khóa học nội trú đã phát triển kỹ năng lãnh đạo của anh ấy. B. Quá trình huấn luyện sử dụng dây thừng và nút thắt khá ngắn gọn. C. Các bài tập huấn luyện đã rèn luyện sức mạnh tinh thần của anh ấy. D. Các hoạt động chăm sóc nạn nhân đặc biệt khó khăn đối với anh ấy. E. Hoạt động bể tạo sóng giúp thực hành các kỹ thuật sinh tồn.

Questions

19 – 20

Questions 19 and 20. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things does David find most motivating about the work he does?

19
20
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

A
working as part of a team
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

B
experiences when working in winter

C
being thanked by those he has helped

D
the fact that it keeps him fit

E
the chance to develop new equipment

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Which TWO things does David find most motivating about the work he does? A. working as part of a team B. experiences when working in winter C. being thanked by those he has helped D. the fact that it keeps him fit E. the chance to develop new equipment	Since I started, I’ve had to deal with a range of emergency situations, but the work’s hugely motivating. It’s not just about saving lives. I’ve learned a lot about the technology involved. My background in IT’s been useful here, and I can use my expertise to help other volunteers. They’re a great group. [Kiến thức về công nghệ thông tin của tôi rất hữu ích ở đây và tôi có thể sử dụng chuyên môn của mình để giúp đỡ các tình nguyện viên khác. Họ là một nhóm tuyệt vời.] We’re like a family, really, which helps when you’re dragging yourself out of bed on a cold stormy night. But actually, it’s the colder months that can be the most rewarding time. [Nhưng thực ra, những tháng lạnh hơn mới có thể là khoảng thời gian bổ ích nhất.] That’s when the incidents tend to be more serious, and you realize that you can make a huge difference to the outcome. So if any of you listeners are interested, why don’t you give us a call?
DỊCH NGHĨA
David thấy có HAI điều gì tạo động lực nhất trong công việc anh ấy làm? A. làm việc theo nhóm B. kinh nghiệm khi làm việc vào mùa đông C. được cảm ơn bởi những người anh đã giúp đỡ D. thực tế là nó giữ cho anh ta khỏe mạnh E. cơ hội phát triển thiết bị mới

part 3

Questions

21 – 24

Questions 21-24. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21
At first, Don thought the topic of recycling footwear might be too
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
limited in scope.
B
hard to research.
C
boring for listeners.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
At first, Don thought the topic of recycling footwear might be too A. limited in scope. B. hard to research. C. boring for listeners.	BELLA: Hi, Don. Did you get the copy of the article on recycling footwear that I emailed you? DON: Yeah. It’s here. I’ve had a look at it. BELLA: So do you think it’s a good topic for our presentation? DON: Well, before I started reading it I thought recycling footwear, well, although it’s quite interesting, perhaps there isn’t enough to say about it because we put shoes in recycling bins, they go to charity shops and that’s about it. [mặc dù nó khá thú vị, có lẽ không đủ để nói về nó vì chúng ta bỏ giày vào thùng tái chế, chúng đi đến các cửa hàng từ thiện và chỉ thế thôi.] BELLA: But there’s much more to it than that. [Nhưng còn nhiều điều hơn thế nữa.] DON: I realise that now, and I’m keen to research the topic more. BELLA: That’s great.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Lúc đầu, Don nghĩ chủ đề tái chế giày dép có thể quá A. bị giới hạn về phạm vi. B. khó nghiên cứu. C. nhàm chán cho người nghe.

22
When discussing trainers, Bella and Don disagree about
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
how popular they are among young people.
B
how suitable they are for school.
C
how quickly they wear out.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
When discussing trainers, Bella and Don disagree about A. how popular they are among young people. B. how suitable they are for school. C. how quickly they wear out.	DON: One of the things I didn’t realise until I read the article was just how many pairs of trainers get recycled. BELLA: Well, a lot of young people wear them all the time now. They’ve become more popular than ordinary shoes. DON: I know. I guess they are very hard wearing, but don’t they look a bit casual for school uniforms? I don’t think they’re right for that. [Tôi đoán chúng rất khó mặc, nhưng chẳng phải chúng trông hơi bình thường khi mặc đồng phục học sinh sao? Tôi không nghĩ chúng phù hợp với đồng phục.] BELLA: Actually, I think some of them look quite smart on pupils, better than a scruffy old pair of shoes. [Tôi nghĩ một số trong số chúng trông khá đẹp đối với học sinh, đẹp hơn một đôi giày cũ kỹ.]
DỊCH NGHĨA
Khi thảo luận về giày thể thao, Bella và Don không đồng ý về A. chúng phổ biến như thế nào trong giới trẻ. B. chúng phù hợp với trường học như thế nào. C. chúng hao mòn nhanh như thế nào.

23
Bella says that she sometimes recycles shoes because
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
they no longer fit.
B
she no longer likes them.
C
they are no longer in fashion.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Bella says that she sometimes recycles shoes because A. they no longer fit. B. she no longer likes them. C. they are no longer in fashion.	BELLA: So do you keep shoes a long time? DON: Yes, though I do tend to wear my old pairs for doing dirty jobs like cleaning my bike. BELLA: I must admit, I’ve recycled some perfectly good shoes that haven’t gone out of fashion and still fit just because they don’t look great on me anymore. [Tôi phải thừa nhận rằng, tôi đã tái chế một số đôi giày cực tốt và không hề lỗi mốt và vẫn vừa vặn chỉ vì chúng không còn đẹp với tôi nữa.] That’s awful, isn’t it?
DỊCH NGHĨA
Bella nói rằng cô ấy thỉnh thoảng tái chế giày vì A. chúng không còn vừa nữa. B. cô ấy không còn thích chúng nữa. C. chúng không còn hợp thời trang nữa.

24
What did the article say that confused Don?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
Public consumption of footwear has risen.
B
Less footwear is recycled now than in the past.
C
People dispose of more footwear than they used to.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
What did the article say that confused Don? A. Public consumption of footwear has risen. B. Less footwear is recycled now than in the past. C. People dispose of more footwear than they used to.	DON: I think it’s common because there’s so much choice. The article did say that recent sales of footwear have increased enormously. BELLA: That didn’t surprise me. DON: No. But then it said that the amount of recycled footwear has fallen. It’s 6% now compared to a previous level of 11%. [số lượng giày dép tái chế đã giảm. Bây giờ là 6% so với mức 11% trước đó.] That doesn’t seem to make sense. BELLA: That’s because not everything goes through the recycling process. Some footwear just isn’t good enough to resell for one reason or another and gets rejected.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Bài báo nói gì khiến Don bối rối? A. Mức tiêu thụ giày dép của mọi người đã tăng lên. B. Hiện nay ít giày dép được tái chế hơn so với trước đây. C. Mọi người vứt bỏ nhiều giày dép hơn trước đây.

Questions

25 – 28

Questions 25-28. What reasons did the recycling manager give for rejecting footwear, according to the students? Choose FOUR answers

one shoe was missing
the colour of one shoe had faded
one shoe had a hole in it
the shoes were brand new
the shoes were too dirty
the stitching on the shoes was broken

the high-heeled shoes

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

the ankle boots

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

the baby shoes

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

the trainers

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Các cụm paraphrase giúp xác định câu trả lời được bôi cam
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript

BELLA: So let’s find some examples in the article of footwear that was rejected for recycling.

DON: Okay. I think there are some in the interview with the recycling manager. Yeah. Here it is.

BELLA: Let’s start with the ladies’ high heeled shoes. What did he say about those?

DON: He said they were probably expensive. The material was suede and they were beige in color. It looked like someone had only worn them once, but in a very wet field, so the heels were too stained with mud (= too dirty) and grass to resell them. [Hình như ai đó mới đi một lần nhưng đi trên đồng ruộng rất ẩm ướt nên gót chân dính nhiều bùn và cỏ quá nên không bán lại được. ⇒ Đáp án E – đôi giày quá bẩn]

BELLA: Okay. And the leather ankle boots, what was wrong with them?

DON: Apparently the heels were worn, but that wasn’t the problem. One of the shoes was a much lighter shade (= colour of one shoe had faded) than the other one. [Một trong những chiếc giày có màu sáng hơn nhiều so với chiếc còn lại. ⇒ Đáp án B – màu của một chiếc giày đã phai] It had obviously been left in the sun. I suppose even secondhand shoes should look the same.

BELLA: Sure. Then there were the red baby shoes.

DON: Oh, yes. We’re told to tie shoes together when we put them in a recycling bin, but people often don’t bother. [Chúng tôi được yêu cầu buộc dây giày lại với nhau khi bỏ chúng vào thùng tái chế, nhưng mọi người thường không bận tâm.]

BELLA: You’d think it would have been easy to find the other, but it wasn’t (= missing). [Bạn tưởng sẽ dễ dàng tìm được chiếc còn lại, nhưng không phải vậy. ⇒ Đáp án A – một chiếc giày đã bị mất] That was a shame because they were obviously new.

DON: The trainers were interesting. He said they looked like they’d been worn by a marathon runner.

BELLA: Yeah. Weren’t they split?

DON: Not exactly. One of the soles was so worn under the foot (= had a hole) that you could put your finger through it. [Một trong những đế giày bị mòn dưới bàn chân đến mức bạn có thể thọc ngón tay vào đó. ⇒ Đáp án C – một chiếc giày bị thủng một lỗ]

Questions

29 – 30

Questions 29-30. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

29
Why did the project to make ‘new’ shoes out of old shoes fail?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
People believed the ‘new’ pairs of shoes were unhygienic.
B
There were not enough good parts to use in the old shoes.
C
The shoes in the ‘new’ pairs were not completely alike.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Why did the project to make new shoes out of old shoes fail? A. People believed the ‘new’ pairs of shoes were unhygienic. B. There were not enough good parts to use in the old shoes. C. The shoes in the ‘new’ pairs were not completely alike.	DON: Well, we could certainly use some of those examples in our presentation to explain why 90% of shoes that people take to recycling centers or bins get thrown into landfill. BELLA: What did you think about the project his team set up to avoid this by making new shoes out of the good parts of old shoes? DON: It sounded like a good idea. They get so many shoes. They should be able to match parts. I wasn’t surprised that it failed though. I mean, who wants to buy second hand shoes, really? Think of all the germs you could catch. BELLA: Well, people didn’t refuse them for that reason, did they? It was because the pairs of shoes weren’t identical. [Đó là vì các đôi giày không giống nhau.] DON: They still managed to ship them overseas, though. BELLA: That’s another area we need to discuss.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Tại sao dự án làm giày mới từ giày cũ lại thất bại? A. Mọi người cho rằng những đôi giày ‘mới’ không hợp vệ sinh. B. Không có đủ bộ phận tốt để sử dụng trong đôi giày cũ. C. Vài đôi giày trong những đôi ‘mới’ không hoàn toàn giống nhau.

30
Bella and Don agree that they can present their topic
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
from a new angle.
B
with relevant images.
C
in a straightforward way.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Bella and Don agree that they can present their topic A. from a new angle. B. with relevant images. C. in a straightforward way.	DON: You know, I used to consider this topic just from my own perspective, by thinking about my own recycling behaviour without looking at the bigger picture. [Tôi từng xem xét chủ đề này chỉ từ quan điểm của riêng mình, bằng cách nghĩ về hành vi tái chế của chính mình mà không nhìn vào bức tranh tổng thể.] So much happens once shoes leave the recycling area. BELLA: It’s not as simple as you first think, and we can show that by taking a very different approach to it. [chúng ta có thể chứng minh điều đó bằng cách tiếp cận nó theo một cách khác.] Absolutely.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Bella và Don đồng ý rằng họ có thể trình bày chủ đề của mình A. từ một góc độ mới. B. với những hình ảnh có liên quan. C. một cách đơn giản.

part 4

Questions

31 – 40

Questions 31-40. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Tardigradesmore than 1,000 species, 0.05-1.2 millimetres long also known as water ‘bears’ (due to how they 31 31

) and ‘moss piglets’Physical appearance a 32

round body and four pairs of legs claws or 33

for gripping absence of respiratory organs body filled with a liquid that carries both 34

and blood mouth shaped like a 35

with teeth called styletsHabitat often found at the bottom of a lake or on plants very resilient and can exist in very low or high 36

Cryptobiosis In dry conditions, they roll into a ball called a ‘tun’. They stay alive with a much lower metabolism than usual. A type of 37

ensures their DNA is not damaged. Research is underway to find out how many days they can stay alive in 38

Feeding consume liquids, e.g., those found in moss or 39

may eat other tardigradesConservation status They are not considered to be 40

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript

For my project on invertebrates, I chose to study tardigrades. These are microscopic, or to be more precise, near microscopic animals. There are well over a 1000 known species of these tiny animals, which belong to the phylum tardigrada. Most tardigrades range in length from naught point naught 5 to 1 millimeter, though the largest species can grow to be 1.2 millimeters in length. (Q31) They’re also sometimes called water bears, water because that’s where they thrive best, and bear because of the way they move. [Đôi khi chúng còn được gọi là gấu nước, nước vì đó là nơi chúng phát triển mạnh nhất và gấu bởi vì cách chúng di chuyển.] Moss piglet is another name for tardigrades because of the way they look when viewed from the front. They were first discovered in Germany in 17/73 by Johann Goetzer, who coined the name tardigrade.

As I say, there are many different species of tardigrade. Too many to describe here, but generally speaking, the different species share similar physical traits (= physical appearance). (Q32) They have a body which is short and also rounded, a bit like a barrel, and the body comprises 4 segments. [Chúng có thân hình ngắn và tròn, hơi giống cái thùng, cơ thể gồm 4 đốt.] Each segment has a pair of legs, at the end of which are between 48 sharp claws. (Q33) I should also say that some species don’t have any claws. What they have are discs, and these work by means of suction. [Tôi cũng nên nói rằng một số loài không có móng vuốt. Những gì chúng có là những chiếc đĩa và chúng hoạt động bằng lực hút.] They enable the tardigrade to cling on to surfaces or to grip its prey. Within the body, there are no lungs or any organs for breathing at all. (Q34) Instead, oxygen and also blood are transported in a fluid that fills the cavity of the body. [Thay vào đó, oxy và máu cũng được vận chuyển trong chất lỏng lấp đầy khoang cơ thể.]

As far as the tardigrade’s head is concerned, the best way I can describe this is that it looks rather strange, a bit squashed even, Though many of the websites I looked at described its appearance as cute, which isn’t exactly very scientific. (Q35) The tardigrade’s mouth is a kind of tube that can open outwards to reveal teeth like structures known as stylets. [Miệng của tardigrade là một loại ống có thể mở ra ngoài để lộ ra những cấu trúc giống như răng được gọi là stylet.] These are sharp enough to pierce plant or animal cells.

So where are tardigrades found? Well, they live in every part of the world, in a variety of habitats, most commonly on the bed of a lake, or on many kinds of plants, or in very wet environments. (Q36) There’s been some interesting research which has found that tardigrades are capable of surviving radiation and very high pressure (= very resilient), and they’re also able to withstand temperatures as cold as minus 200 degrees Centigrade or highs of more than 148 degrees Centigrade (= low or high), [Đã có một số nghiên cứu thú vị phát hiện ra rằng gấu nước có khả năng sống sót dưới bức xạ và áp suất rất cao, đồng thời chúng cũng có thể chịu được nhiệt độ lạnh đến âm 200 độ C hoặc nhiệt độ cao hơn 148 độ C.] which is incredibly hot.

It has been said that tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out, even in the event of an asteroid hitting the Earth. If conditions become too extreme and tardigrades are at risk of drying out, they enter a state called cryptobiosis. They curl into a ball called a tun, that’s T-U-N, by retracting their head and legs, and their metabolism drops to less than 1% of normal levels. They can remain like this until they’re reintroduced to water, when they will come back to life in a matter of a few hours. (Q37) While in a state of cryptobiosis, tardigrades produce a protein that protects their DNA (= ensures their DNA is not damaged). [Khi ở trạng thái ẩn sinh, gấu nước tạo ra một loại protein bảo vệ DNA của chúng.] In 2016, scientists revived 2 tardigrades that had been tonnes for more than 30 years. There was a report that in 1948, a 120 year old tonne was revived, but this experiment has never been repeated. (Q38) There are currently several tests taking place (= Research is underway) in space to determine how long tardigrades might be able to survive (= can stay alive) there. [Hiện tại có một số cuộc thử nghiệm đang diễn ra trong không gian để xác định xem gấu nước có thể sống sót ở đó được bao lâu.] I believe the record so far is 10 days.

So, moving on. In terms of their diet (= feeding), tardigrades consume liquids in order to survive. Although they have teeth, they don’t use these for chewing. (Q39) They suck the juices (= consume liquids) from moss or extract fluid from seaweed, but some species prey on other tardigrades, from other species or within their own. [Chúng hút nước ép từ rêu hoặc chiết xuất chất lỏng từ rong biển, nhưng một số loài săn các loài tardigrade khác, từ loài khác hoặc cùng loài với chúng.] I suppose this isn’t surprising given that tardigrades are mainly comprised of liquid and are coated with a type of gel.

Finally, I’d like to mention the conservation status of tardigrades. It is estimated that they have been in existence for approximately half a 1000000000 years, and in that time, they have survived 5 mass extinctions. (Q40) So it will probably come as no surprise to you that tardigrades have not been evaluated by the International Union For Conservation of Nature and are not on any endangered list. [Vì vậy, có lẽ bạn sẽ không ngạc nhiên khi gấu nước chưa được Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế đánh giá và không nằm trong danh sách có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng nào.] Some researchers have described them as thriving. Does anyone have any questions they’d like to ask?

IELTS Handbook 19 – Test 2