IELTS Handbook 16 – Test 2

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Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords hoặc các từ đồng nghĩa với keywords xuất hiện trong câu hỏi

Những từ bôi cam: Ngôn ngữ chỉ dẫn – Các đầu mục lớn

Những từ bôi xanh:Đáp án

Dancing is something that humans do when they want to have a good time. It’s a universal response to music, found in all cultures. But what’s only been discovered recently is that dancing not only makes us feel good, it’s also extremely good for our health.

Dancing, like other forms of exercise, releases hormones, such as dopamine, which make us feel relaxed and happy. And it also reduces feelings of stress or anxiety.

Dancing is also a sociable activity, which is another reason it makes us feel good.

One study compared people’s enjoyment of dancing at home in front of a video with dancing in a group in a studio.

The people dancing in a group reported feeling happier, whereas those dancing alone did not.

In another experiment, university researchers at York and Sheffield took a group of students and sent each of them into a lab where music was played for five minutes. Each had to choose from three options: to sit and listen quietly to the music, to cycle on an exercise bike while they listened, or to get up and dance. All were given cognitive tasks to perform before and after. The result showed that those who chose to dance showed much more [= increase] creativity [Kết quả cho thấy những người chọn khiêu vũ thể hiện sự sáng tạo hơn nhiều] (Question 31) when doing problem-solving tasks.

Doctor Lovatt at the University of Hertfordshire believes dance could be a very useful way [= a form of] to help people suffering from mental health problems. He thinks dance should be prescribed as therapy [Anh ấy cho rằng khiêu vũ nên được kê đơn như một liệu pháp] (Question 32) to help people overcome issues such as depression.

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It’s well established that dance is a good way of encouraging adolescent girls to take exercise but what about older people? Studies have shown that there are enormous benefits for people in their sixties and beyond. One of the great things about dance is that there are no barriers to participation. Anyone can have a go, even those whose standard of fitness is quite low [Một trong những điều tuyệt vời về khiêu vũ là không có bất kỳ rào cản nào đối với việc tham gia. Ai cũng có thể tham gia, kể cả những người có tiêu chuẩn thể lực khá thấp] (Question 33)

Dance can be especially beneficial for older adults who can’t run or do more intense workouts, or for those who don’t want to. One 2015 study found that even a gentle dance workout helps to promote a healthy heart. And there’s plenty of evidence which suggests that dancing lowers [= reduces] the risk of falls [= accidents], which could result in a broken hip, for example, by helping people to improve [= better] their balance. [Có rất nhiều bằng chứng cho thấy rằng khiêu vũ làm giảm nguy cơ té ngã, chẳng hạn như có thể dẫn đến gãy xương hông bằng cách giúp mọi người cải thiện khả năng giữ thăng bằng] (Question 34)

There are some less obvious benefits of dance for older people too. One thing I hadn’t realised before researching this topic was that dance isn’t just a physical challenge. It also requires a lot of concentration because you need to remember different steps and routines. For older people, this kind of activity is especially important because it forces their brain to process things more quickly [loại hoạt động này đặc biệt quan trọng vì nó buộc não của họ phải xử lý mọi thứ nhanh hơn] (Question 35) and to retain more information.

Current research also shows that dance promotes a general sense of well-being in older participants, which can last up to a week after a class. Participants report feeling less tired and having greater motivation to be more active [Những người tham gia báo cáo rằng họ cảm thấy ít mệt mỏi hơn và có nhiều động lực hơn để hoạt động tích cực hơn] (Question 36) and do daily activities such as gardening or walking to the shops or a park.

Ballroom or country dancing, both popular with older people, have to be done in groups. They require collaboration and often involve touching a dance partner, all of which encourages interaction on the dance floor. This helps to develop new relationships and can reduce [= lessen] older people’s sense of isolation [Điều này giúp phát triển các mối quan hệ mới và có thể làm giảm cảm giác bị cô lập của những người lớn tuổi] (Question 37), which is a huge problem in many countries.

I also looked at the benefits of Zumba. Fifteen million people in 180 countries now regularly take a Zumba class, an aerobic workout based on Latin American dance moves. John Porcari, a professor of exercise and sport science at the University of Wisconsin, analysed a group of women who were Zumba regulars and found that a class lasting 40 minutes burns about 370 calories [phân tích một nhóm phụ nữ là những người thường xuyên tập Zumba và thấy rằng một lớp học kéo dài 40 phút đốt cháy khoảng 370 calo] (Question 38). This is similar to moderately intense exercises like step aerobics or kickboxing.

A study in the American Journal of Health Behavior showed that when women with obesity did Zumba three times a week for 16 weeks, they lost an average of 1.2 kilos [Khi phụ nữ béo phì tập Zumba ba lần một tuần trong 16 tuần, họ giảm trung bình 1,2 kg] (Question 39) and lowered their percentage of body fat by 1%. More importantly, the women enjoyed the class so much that they made it a habit [những người phụ nữ thích lớp học đến nỗi họ đã biến nó thành một thói quen] (Question 40) and continued to attend classes at least once a week – very unusual for an aerobic exercise programme.

Dance is never going to compete with high-intensity workouts when it comes to physical fitness gains, but its popularity is likely to keep on rising because it’s such a fun way to keep fit.