IELTS Handbook 16 - Test 4 - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

PART 1

Questions

1 – 10

Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Holiday rental

The course focuses on skills and safety ● Charlie would be placed in Level 5. ● First of all, children at this level are taken to practise in a 1

Instructors ● Instructors wear 2

shirts. ● A 3

is required and training is given. Classes ● The size of the classes is limited. ● There are quiet times during the morning for a 4

or a game. ● Classes are held even if there is 5

What to bring ● a change of clothing ● a 6

● shoes (not sandals) ● Charlie’s 7

Day 1 ● Charlie should arrive at 9.20 am on the first day. ● Before the class, his 8

will be checked. ● He should then go to the 9

to meet his class instructor. Cost ● The course costs $ 10

per week.

PART 2

Questions

11 – 12

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

Local council report on traffic and highways

1
A survey found people’s main concern about traffic in the area was
A
cuts to public transport.
B
poor maintenance of roads.
C
changes in the type of traffic.

2
Which change will shortly be made to the cycle path next to the river?
A
It will be widened.
B
It will be extended.
C
It will be resurfaced.

3
Plans for a pedestrian crossing have been postponed because
A
the Post Office has moved.
B
the proposed location is unsafe.
C
funding is not available at present.

4
On Station Road, notices have been erected
A
telling cyclists not to leave their bikes outside the station ticket office.
B
asking motorists to switch off engines when waiting at the level crossing.
C
warning pedestrians to leave enough time when crossing the railway line.

Questions

13 – 14

Label the map below. Match the correct letter, A-I with Questions 15-20.

Recreation ground after proposed changes

New car park

Chọn đáp án

New cricket pitch

Chọn đáp án

Children’s playground

Chọn đáp án

Skateboard ramp

Chọn đáp án

Pavilion

Chọn đáp án

Notice board

Chọn đáp án

PART 3

Questions

21 – 22

Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO benefits of city bike-sharing schemes do the students agree are the most important?

21
22
A
reducing noise pollution

B
reducing traffic congestion

C
improving air quality

D
encouraging health and fitness

E
making cycling affordable

Questions

23 – 24

Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things do the students think are necessary for successful bike-sharing schemes?

23
24
A
Bikes should have a GPS system.

B
The app should be easy to use.

C
Public awareness should be raised.

D
Only one scheme should be available.

E
There should be a large network of cycle lanes.

Questions

25 – 30

What is the speakers’ opinion of the bike-sharing schemes in each of the following cities? Match the correct letter, A-G with Questions 25-30.

Opinion of bike-sharing scheme

Amsterdam

Chọn đáp án

Dublin

Chọn đáp án

London

Chọn đáp án

Buenos Aires

Chọn đáp án

New York

Chọn đáp án

Sydney

Chọn đáp án

PART 4

Questions

31 – 40

Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

THE EXTINCTION OF THE DODO BIRD

Interest in knitting ● Knitting has a long history around the world. ● We imagine someone like a 31

knitting. ● A 32

ago, knitting was expected to disappear. ● The number of knitting classes is now increasing. ● People are buying more 33

for knitting nowadays. Benefits of knitting ● gives support in times of 34

difficulty ● requires only 35

skills and little money to start ● reduces stress in a busy life Early knitting ● The origins are not known. ● Findings show early knitted items to be 36

in shape. ● The first needles were made of natural materials such as wood and 37

● Early yarns felt 38

to touch. ● Wool became the most popular yarn for spinning. ● Geographical areas had their own 39

of knitting. ● Everyday tasks like looking after 40

were done while knitting.

PART 1

Questions

1 – 10

Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Holiday rental

Owner’s names: Jack Fitzgerald and Shirley Fitzgerald Granary Cottage ● available for week beginning 1

May ● cost for the week: £ 2

Cottage ● cost for the week: £480 ● building was originally a 4

● walk through doors from living room into a 5

● several 6

spaces at the front ● bathroom has a shower ● central heating and stove that burns 7

● views of old 8

from living room ● view of hilltop 9

from the bedroom Payment ● deposit: £144 ● deadline for final payment: end of 10

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong câu hỏi

Những từ bôi cam: Ngôn ngữ chỉ dẫn

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

SHIRLEY: Hello?

TOM: Oh hello. I was hoping to speak to Jack Fitzgerald about renting a cottage.

SHIRLEY: I’m his wife, Shirley, and we own the cottages together, so I’m sure I can help you.

TOM: Great. My name’s Tom. Some friends of ours rented Granary Cottage from you last year, and they thought it was great. So my wife and I are hoping to come in May for a week.

SHIRLEY: What date did you have in mind?

TOM: The week beginning the 14th, if possible. [đáp án gây nhiễu – đây chỉ là ngày mà Tom muốn book lịch]

SHIRLEY: I’ll just check … I’m sorry, Tom, it’s already booked that week. It’s free [= available] the week beginning the 28th [Nó có chỗ trống tuần này bắt đầu từ ngày 28] (Question 1), though, for seven nights. In fact, that’s the only time you could have it in May.

TOM: Oh. Well, we could manage that, I think. We’d just need to change a couple of things. How much would it cost?

SHIRLEY: That’s the beginning of high season, so it’d be £550 for the week [nó sẽ là £ 550 trong tuần] (Question 2)

TOM: Ah. That’s a bit more than we wanted to pay, I’m afraid. We’ve budgeted up to £500 for accommodation.

SHIRLEY: Well, we’ve just finished converting another building into a cottage, which we’re calling Chervil Cottage.

TOM: Sorry? What was that again?

SHIRLEY: Chervil. C-H-E-R-V for Victor I-L.(Question 3)

TOM: Oh, that’s a herb, isn’t it?

SHIRLEY: That’s right. It grows fairly wild around here. You could have that for the week you want for £480.

TOM: OK. So could you tell me something about it, please?

SHIRLEY: Of course. The building was built as [= originally] a garage [Tòa nhà được xây dựng như một nhà để xe] (Question 4). It’s a little smaller than Granary Cottage.

TOM: So that must sleep two people, as well?

SHIRLEY: That’s right. There’s a double bedroom.

TOM: Does it have a garden?

SHIRLEY: Yes [Nó có vườn không? – Có] (Question 5), you get to it from the living room through French doors, and we provide two deckchairs. We hope to build a patio in the near future, but I wouldn’t like to guarantee it’ll be finished by May.

TOM: OK.

SHIRLEY: The front door opens onto the old farmyard, and parking isn’t a problem – there’s plenty of room at the front for that [đậu xe không phải là một vấn đề – có rất nhiều chỗ ở phía trước cho điều đó] (Question 6). There are some trees and potted plants there.

———————

TOM: What about facilities in the cottage? It has standard things like a cooker and fridge, I presume.

SHIRLEY: In the kitchen area there’s a fridge-freezer and we’ve just put in an electric cooker.

TOM: Is there a washing machine?

SHIRLEY: Yes. There’s also a TV in the living room, which plays DVDs too. The bathroom is too small for a bath, so there’s a shower instead. I think a lot of people prefer that nowadays, anyway.

TOM: It’s more environmentally friendly, isn’t it? Unless you spend half the day in it!

SHIRLEY: Exactly.

TOM: What about heating? It sometimes gets quite cool at that time of year.

SHIRLEY: There’s central heating, and if you want to light a fire, there’s a stove. We can provide all the wood you need for it [có một cái bếp. Chúng tôi có thể cung cấp tất cả các loại gỗ bạn cần cho nó] (Question 7). It smells so much nicer than coal, and it makes the room very cosy – we’ve got one in our own house.

TOM: That sounds very pleasant. Perhaps we should come in the winter, to make the most of it!

SHIRLEY: Yes, we find we don’t want to go out when we’ve got the fire burning. There are some attractive views from the cottage, which I haven’t mentioned. There’s a famous stone bridge – it’s one of the oldest in the region, and you can see it from the living room [Có một cây cầu đá nổi tiếng – nó là một trong những cây cầu lâu đời nhất trong vùng và bạn có thể nhìn thấy nó từ phòng khách] (Question 8). It isn’t far away. The bedroom window looks in the opposite direction, and has a lovely view of the hills and the monument at the top [Cửa sổ phòng ngủ nhìn về hướng đối diện và có tầm nhìn tuyệt đẹp ra những ngọn đồi và đài tưởng niệm trên đỉnh] (Question 9)

TOM: Well, that all sounds perfect. I’d like to book it, please. Would you want a deposit?

SHIRLEY: Yes, we ask for thirty percent to secure your booking, so that’ll be, um, £144.

TOM: And when would you like the rest of the money?

SHIRLEY: You’re coming in May (đáp án gây nhiễu – đây là thời gian Tom sẽ tới, không phải thời hạn thanh toán tiền), so the last day of [= end of] March, please. (Question 10)

TOM: Fine.

SHIRLEY: Excellent. Could I just take your details …

PART 2

Questions

11 – 14

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

Local council report on traffic and highways

11
A survey found people’s main concern about traffic in the area was
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
cuts to public transport.
B
poor maintenance of roads.
C
changes in the type of traffic.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

CHAIRPERSON: Right. Next on the agenda, we have traffic and highways. Councillor Thornton.

COUNCILLOR THORNTON: Thank you. Well, we now have the results of the survey carried out last month about traffic and road transport in the town. People were generally satisfied with the state of the roads [đây là điều người dân cảm thấy hài lòng ⇒ loại đáp án B]. There were one or two complaints about potholes which will be addressed, but a significant number of people complained [= main concern] about the increasing number of heavy vehicles [một số lượng đáng kể người dân phàn nàn về việc ngày càng có nhiều phương tiện giao thông hạng nặng = sự thay đổi về loại phương tiện ⇒ đáp án C] (Question 11) using our local roads to avoid traffic elsewhere. We’d expected more complaints by commuters about the reduction in the train service [đây là điều mọi người tưởng là sẽ có nhiều phàn nàn, nhưng lại không có ảnh hưởng quá nhiều tới người dân ⇒ loại đáp án A], but it doesn’t seem to have affected people too much.

12
Which change will shortly be made to the cycle path next to the river?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
It will be widened.
B
It will be extended.
C
It will be resurfaced.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

The cycle path that runs alongside the river is very well used by both cyclists and pedestrians since the surface was improved last year [đây là điều đã được thay đổi vào năm ngoái ⇒ loại đáp án C], but overtaking can be a problem so we’re going to add a bit on the side to make it wider [chúng tôi sẽ thêm một chút ở bên cạnh để làm cho nó rộng hơn ⇒ đáp án A] (Question 12). At some stage, we’d like to extend the path [chỉ thay đổi ở một số đoạn ⇒ loại đáp án B] so that it goes all the way through the town, but that won’t be happening in the immediate future.

13
Plans for a pedestrian crossing have been postponed because
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
the Post Office has moved.
B
the proposed location is unsafe.
C
funding is not available at present.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

The plans to have a pedestrian crossing next to the Post Office have unfortunately had to be put on hold [= been postponed] for the time being. We’d budgeted for this to be done this financial year [lập ngân sách cho việc này sẽ được thực hiện trong năm tài chính này ⇒ loại đáp án C], but then there were rumours that the Post Office was going to move , which would have meant there wasn’t really a need for a crossing. Now they’ve confirmed that they’re staying where they are [có tin đồn rằng Bưu điện sẽ chuyển đi nhưng được xác nhận là sẽ ở lại ⇒ loại đáp án A], but the Highways Department have told us that it would be dangerous to have a pedestrian crossing where we’d originally planned it as there’s a bend in the road there [sẽ rất nguy hiểm nếu có vạch sang đường dành cho người đi bộ ở nơi mà chúng tôi đã lên kế hoạch ban đầu vì ở đó có một khúc cua = vị trí không an toàn ⇒ đáp án B] (Question 13). So that’ll need some more thought.

14
On Station Road, notices have been erected
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
telling cyclists not to leave their bikes outside the station ticket office.
B
asking motorists to switch off engines when waiting at the level crossing.
C
warning pedestrians to leave enough time when crossing the railway line.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

On Station Road near the station and level crossing, drivers can face quite long waits if the level crossing’s closed, and we’ve now got signs up [= notices have been erected] requesting them not to leave their engines running at that time [yêu cầu họ không để động cơ của họ đang hoạt động tại thời điểm đó = yêu cầu người lái xe ô tô tắt máy khi dừng chờ ở đường ngang ⇒ đáp án B] (Question 14). This means pedestrians waiting on the pavement to cross the railway line don’t have to breathe in car fumes [Điều này có nghĩa là người đi bộ chờ trên vỉa hè để băng qua đường sắt không phải hít khói xe hơi ⇒ không liên quan tới đáp án C]. We’ve had some problems with cyclists leaving their bikes chained to the railings outside the ticket office, but the station has agreed to provide bike racks there. [Chúng tôi đã gặp một số vấn đề với việc người đi xe đạp để xe đạp của họ bị xích bên ngoài phòng vé, nhưng nhà ga đã đồng ý cung cấp giá để xe đạp ở đó ⇒ loại đáp án A]

Questions

15 – 20

Label the map below. Match the correct letter, A-I with Questions 15-20.

Recreation ground after proposed changes

New car park

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

New cricket pitch

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Children’s playground

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Skateboard ramp

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Pavilion

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Notice board

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các điểm cố định trên bản đồ

Những từ bôi cam: Ngôn ngữ chỉ dẫn

Những từ bôi xanh: Điểm cần xác định

CHAIRPERSON:

So next on the agenda is ‘Proposals for improvements to the recreation ground’. Councillor Thornton again.

COUNCILLOR THORNTON:

Well, since we managed to extend the recreation ground, we’ve spent some time talking to local people about how it could be made a more attractive and useful space. If you have a look at the map up on the screen, you can see the river up in the north, and the Community Hall near the entrance from the road. At present, cars can park between the Community Hall and that line of trees to the east, but this is quite dangerous for pedestrians so we’re suggesting a new car park on the opposite side of the Community Hall, right next to it [một bãi đậu xe mới ở phía đối diện của Hội trường Cộng đồng, ngay bên cạnh nó ⇒ đáp án C] (Question 15). We also have a new location for the cricket pitch. As we’ve now purchased additional space to the east of the recreation ground, beyond the trees [không gian bổ sung ở phía đông của khu vui chơi giải trí, ngoài những tán cây ⇒ đáp án F] (Question 16), we plan to move it away from its current location, which is rather near the road, into this new area beyond the line of trees. This means there’s less danger of stray balls hitting cars or pedestrians.

We’ve got plans for a children’s playground which will be accessible by a footpath from the Community Hall and will be alongside the river [Chúng tôi đã có kế hoạch cho một sân chơi dành cho trẻ em, sân chơi này có thể đến được bằng một lối đi bộ từ Hội trường Cộng đồng và sẽ nằm dọc theo dòng sông ⇒ đáp án A] (Question 17). We’d originally thought of having it close to the road, but we think this will be a more attractive location.

The skateboard ramp is very popular with both younger and older children – we had considered moving this up towards the river (đáp án nhiễu), but in the end we decided to have it in the southeast corner near the road [chúng tôi quyết định đặt nó ở góc đông nam gần đường ⇒ đáp án I] (Question 18). The pavilion is very well used at present by both football players and cricketers. It will stay where it is now – to the left of the line of trees and near to the river [Nó sẽ ở nguyên vị trí hiện tại – bên trái hàng cây và gần dòng sông ⇒ đáp án E] (Question 19) – handy for both the football and cricket pitches. And finally, we’ll be getting a new notice board for local information, and that will be directly on people’s right as they go from the road into the recreation ground. [chúng tôi sẽ nhận được một bảng thông báo mới cho thông tin địa phương và bảng đó sẽ nằm ngay bên phải của mọi người khi họ đi từ đường vào khu giải trí ⇒ đáp án H] (Question 20)

PART 3

Questions

21 – 22

Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO benefits of city bike-sharing schemes do the students agree are the most important?

21
22
A
reducing noise pollution
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

B
reducing traffic congestion
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

C
improving air quality

D
encouraging health and fitness

E
making cycling affordable

Giải thích đáp án

*Lưu ý câu hỏi 21 và 22 muốn tìm ra 2 lợi ích mà cả 2 học sinh đồng tình là QUAN TRỌNG NHẤT

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

JAKE: Now that we’ve done all the research into bike-sharing schemes in cities around the world, we need to think about how we’re going to organise our report.

AMY: Right. I think we should start by talking about the benefits. I mean it’s great that so many cities have introduced these schemes where anyone can pick up a bike from dozens of different locations and hire it for a few hours. It makes riding a bike very convenient for people.

JAKE: Yes, but the costs can add up and that puts people on low incomes off in some places.

AMY: I suppose so, but if it means more people in general are cycling [đáp án này được xác nhận từ phía Jake là ít quan trọng hơn ⇒ loại đáp án E] rather than driving, then because they’re increasing the amount of physical activity they do, it’s good for their health [không được khẳng định là quan trọng nhất ⇒ loại đáp án D]

JAKE: OK. But isn’t that of less importance? I mean, doesn’t the impact of reduced emissions on air pollution have a more significant effect on people’s health?

AMY: Certainly [Chẳng phải tác động của việc giảm lượng khí thải đối với ô nhiễm không khí có ảnh hưởng đáng kể hơn đến sức khỏe của con người sao? – Đúng vậy ⇒ đáp án C] (Question 21 & Question 22), in some cities bike-sharing has made a big contribution to that. And also helped to cut the number of cars on the road significantly.

JAKE: Which is the main point.

AMY: Exactly [Nó đã giúp cắt giảm đáng kể lượng ô tô lưu thông trên đường – Đó chính là điểm quan trọng nhất – Chính xác ⇒ đáp án B] (Question 21 & Question 22) But I’d say it’s had less of an impact on noise pollution because there are still loads of buses and lorries around.

JAKE: Right.

Questions

23 – 24

Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things do the students think are necessary for successful bike-sharing schemes?

23
24
A
Bikes should have a GPS system.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

B
The app should be easy to use.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

C
Public awareness should be raised.

D
Only one scheme should be available.

E
There should be a large network of cycle lanes.

Giải thích đáp án

*Lưu ý câu hỏi 23 và 24 muốn tìm ra 2 điểm mà CẢ AMY VÀ JAKE ĐỀU ĐỒNG Ý là cần thiết

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong đề bài

Những từ bôi cam: Đáp án gây nhiễu

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

AMY: Shall we quickly discuss the recommendations we’re going to make?

JAKE: In order to ensure bike-sharing schemes are successful?

AMY: Yes.

JAKE: OK. Well, while I think it’s nice to have really state-of-the art bikes with things like GPS, I wouldn’t say they’re absolutely necessary [được khẳng định là không quá quan trọng ⇒ loại đáp án A]

AMY: But some technical things are really important – like a fully functional app – so people can make payments and book bikes easily . Places which haven’t invested in that have really struggled.

JAKE: Good point [một số thứ kỹ thuật thực sự quan trọng – như một ứng dụng đầy đủ chức năng – để mọi người có thể thanh toán và đặt xe đạp một cách dễ dàng = Ứng dụng dễ dùng ⇒ đáp án B] (Question 23 & Question 24) … Some people say there shouldn’t be competing companies offering separate bike-sharing schemes, but in some really big cities, competition’s beneficial and anyway one company might not be able to manage the whole thing.

AMY: Right. Deciding how much to invest is a big question. Cities which have opened loads of new bike lanes at the same time as introducing bike-sharing schemes have generally been more successful – but there are examples of successful schemes where this hasn’t happened [Chú ý tới liên từ “but” chỉ sự phủ định ⇒ loại đáp án E] … What does matter though – is having a big publicity campaign.

JAKE: Definitely [Có 1 chiến dịch cộng đồng lớn – Chắc chắn rồi = Nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng ⇒ đáp án C] (Question 23 & Question 24). If people don’t know how to use the scheme or don’t understand its benefits, they won’t use it. People need a lot of persuasion to stop using their cars.

Questions

25 – 30

What is the speakers’ opinion of the bike-sharing schemes in each of the following cities? Match the correct letter, A-G with Questions 25-30.

Opinion of bike-sharing scheme

Amsterdam

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Dublin

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

(F) They disagree about the reasons for its success.

London

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

(D) They agree that more investment is required.

Buenos Aires

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

(E) They think the system has been well designed.

New York

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

(B) They think it should be cheaper.

Sydney

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

(A) They agree it has been disappointing.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Tên thành phố

Những từ bôi xanh: Đáp án

AMY: Shall we look at some examples now? And say what we think is good or bad about them.

JAKE: I suppose we should start with Amsterdam as this was one of the first cities to have a bike-sharing scheme.

AMY: Yes. There was already a strong culture of cycling here. In a way it’s strange that there was such a demand for bike-sharing because you’d have thought most people would have used their own bikes. .

JAKE: And yet it’s one of the best-used schemes [Thật là một sự đòi hỏi cho việc chia sẻ xe đạp vì phần lớn mọi người đều có xe đạp của riêng mình – Và nó là một trong những nơi chiến dịch thành công nhất = Họ rất ngạc nhiên vì nó đã thành công như vậy ⇒ đáp án C] (Question 25) … Dublin’s an interesting example of a success story.

AMY: It must be because the public transport system’s quite limited.

JAKE: Not really [Đó hẳn là do hệ thống giao thông công cộng khá hạn chế – Không hẳn = Họ không đồng ý về lý do thành công của nó ⇒ đáp án F] (Question 26) – there’s no underground, but there are trams and a good bus network. I’d say price has a lot to do with it. It’s one of the cheapest schemes in Europe to join.

AMY: But the buses are really slow – anyway the weather certainly can’t be a factor!

JAKE: No – definitely not. The London scheme’s been quite successful

AMY: Yes – it’s been a really good thing for the city. The bikes are popular and the whole system is well maintained but it isn’t expanding quickly enough.

JAKE: Basically, not enough has been spent on increasing the number of cycle lanes. Hopefully that’ll change.

AMY: Yes [Không đủ chi cho việc tăng số làn đường dành cho xe đạp. Hy vọng rằng điều đó sẽ thay đổi – Đúng vậy = Họ đồng ý rằng cần phải đầu tư nhiều hơn ⇒ đáp án D] (Question 27) Now what about outside Europe?

JAKE: Well bike-sharing schemes have taken off in places like Buenos Aires.

AMY: Mmm. They built a huge network of cycle lanes to support the introduction of the scheme there, didn’t they? It attracted huge numbers of cyclists where previously there were hardly any.

JAKE: An example of good planning. [Họ đã xây dựng một mạng lưới rộng lớn các làn đường dành cho xe đạp để hỗ trợ việc giới thiệu sơ đồ ở đó, phải không? Nó thu hút một lượng lớn người đi xe đạp mà trước đây hầu như không có. – Một ví dụ cho việc lên kế hoạch tốt = Họ nghĩ rằng hệ thống đã được thiết kế tốt ⇒ đáp án E] (Question 28)

AMY: Absolutely. New York is a good example of how not to introduce a scheme. When they launched it, it was more than ten times the price of most other schemes [hơn mười lần giá của hầu hết các chương trình khác = Họ nghĩ rằng nó nên rẻ hơn ⇒ đáp án B] (Question 29)

JAKE: More than it costs to take a taxi, Crazy. I think the organisers lacked vision and ambition there.

AMY: I think so too. Sydney would be a good example to use. I would have expected it to have grown pretty quickly here.

JAKE: Yes. I can’t quite work out why it hasn’t been an instant success like some of the others. It’s a shame really [Tôi đã hy vọng nó sẽ phát triển khá nhanh ở đây – tôi không thể hiểu được tại sao nó không thành công ngay lập tức như một số công ty khác. Thực sự là một điều đáng tiếc = Họ đồng ý rằng điều đó thật đáng thất vọng ⇒ đáp án A] (Question 30)

AMY: I know. OK so now we’ve thought about …

PART 4

Questions

31 – 40

Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

THE EXTINCTION OF THE DODO BIRD

The dodo was a large flightless bird which used to inhabit the island of Mauritius. History ● 1507 – Portuguese ships transporting 31

stopped at the island to collect food and water. ● 1638 – The Dutch established a 32

on the island. ● They killed the dodo birds for their meat. ● The last one was killed in 1681. Description ● The only record we have is written descriptions and pictures (possibly unreliable). ● A Dutch painting suggests the dodo was very 33

. ● The only remaining soft tissue is a dried 34

. ● Recent studies of a dodo skeleton suggest the birds were capable of rapid 35

. ● It’s thought they were able to use their small wings to maintain 36

. ● Their 37

was of average size. ● Their sense of 38

enabled them to find food. Reasons for extinction ● Hunting was probably not the main cause. ● Sailors brought dogs and monkeys. ● 39

also escaped onto the island and ate the birds’ eggs. ● The arrival of farming meant the 40

was destroyed.

Giải thích đáp án

Transcript

Lưu ý

Những từ bôi vàng: Các keywords xuất hiện trong câu hỏi

Những từ bôi cam: Ngôn ngữ chỉ dẫn – Các đầu mục lớn

Những từ bôi xanh:Đáp án

One of the most famous cases of extinction is that of a bird known as the dodo. In fact there’s even a saying in English, ‘as dead as the dodo’, used to refer to something which no longer exists. But for many centuries the dodo was alive and well, although it could only be found in one place, the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was a very large bird, about one metre tall, and over the centuries it had lost the ability to fly, but it survived happily under the trees that covered the island.

Then in the year 1507 the first Portuguese ships stopped at the island. The sailors were carrying [= transporting] spices [Sau đó, vào năm 1507, những con tàu đầu tiên của Bồ Đào Nha đã dừng lại ở hòn đảo này. Các thủy thủ đang mang theo gia vị] (Question 31) back to Europe, and found the island a convenient stopping place where they could stock up with food and water for the rest of the voyage, but they didn’t settle on Mauritius. However, in 1683 the Dutch arrived and set up [= established] a colony [năm 1683 người Hà Lan đến và thiết lập thuộc địa] (Question 32) there. These first human inhabitants of the island found the dodo birds a convenient source of meat, although not everyone liked the taste.

It’s hard to get an accurate description of what the dodo actually looked like. We do have some written records from sailors, and a few pictures, but we don’t know how reliable these are. The best-known picture is a Dutch painting in which the bird appears to be extremely fat [Bức tranh nổi tiếng nhất là bức tranh của Hà Lan, trong đó con chim có vẻ cực kỳ béo] (Question 33), but this may not be accurate – an Indian painting done at the same time shows a much thinner bird.

Although attempts were made to preserve the bodies of some of the birds, no complete specimen survives. In the early 17th century four dried parts of a bird were known to exist – of these, three have disappeared, so only one example of soft tissue from the dodo survives, a dodo head [vì vậy chỉ có một ví dụ về mô mềm của dodo còn tồn tại, đầu dodo] (Question 34). Bones have also been found, but there’s only one complete skeleton in existence.

This single dodo skeleton has recently been the subject of scientific research [= studies] which suggests that many of the earlier beliefs about dodos may have been incorrect. For example, early accounts of the birds mention how slow and clumsy it was, but scientists now believe the bird’s strong knee joints would have made it capable of movement which was not slow [= rapid] [Các khớp đầu gối chắc khỏe của con chim sẽ giúp nó có khả năng di chuyển không chậm] (Question 35), but actually quite fast. In fact, one 17th century sailor wrote that he found the birds hard to catch. It’s true that the dodo’s small wings wouldn’t have allowed it to leave the ground, but the scientists suggest that these were probably employed for [= maintain] balance [Đúng là đôi cánh nhỏ của dodo sẽ không cho phép nó rời khỏi mặt đất, nhưng các nhà khoa học cho rằng chúng có thể được sử dụng để giữ thăng bằng] (Question 36) while going over uneven ground. Another group of scientists carried out an analysis of the dodo’s skull. They found that the reports of the lack of intelligence of the dodo were not borne out by their research, which suggested the bird’s brain was not small, but average in size [Họ nhận thấy rằng các báo cáo về sự thiếu thông minh của dodo không phải do nghiên cứu của họ đưa ra, điều này cho thấy não của loài chim này không nhỏ, nhưng có kích thước trung bình.] (Question 37). In fact, in relation to its body size, it was similar to that of the pigeon, which is known to be a highly intelligent bird. The researchers also found that the structure of the bird’s skull suggested that one sense which was particularly well-developed was that of smell [Các nhà nghiên cứu cũng phát hiện ra rằng cấu trúc hộp sọ của loài chim gợi ý rằng một giác quan đặc biệt phát triển tốt là khứu giác] (Question 38). So the dodo may also have been particularly good at locating ripe fruit and other food [= find food] in the island’s thick vegetation.

————————————–

So it looks as if the dodo was better able to survive and defend itself than was originally believed. Yet less than 200 years after Europeans first arrived on the island, they had become extinct. So what was the reason for this? For a long time, it was believed that the dodos were hunted to extinction, but scientists now believe the situation was more complicated than this [= Hunting was probably not the main cause]. Another factor may have been the new species brought to the island by the sailors. These included dogs, which would have been a threat to the dodos, and also monkeys, which ate the fruit that was the main part of the dodos’ diet. These were brought to the island deliberately, but the ships also brought another type of creature – rats [Chúng được đưa đến đảo một cách có chủ ý, nhưng các con tàu cũng mang theo một loại sinh vật khác – chuột] (Question 39), which came to land from the ships and rapidly overran the island [= escaped onto the island]. These upset the ecology of the island, not just the dodos but other species too. However, they were a particular danger to the dodos because they consumed their eggs [= ate the birds’ eggs], and since each dodo only laid one at a time, this probably had a devastating effect on populations.

(Đôi khi keywords sẽ xuất hiện ở sau đáp án, vậy nên các bạn hãy thật tập trung khi nghe, tránh việc chỉ dựa vào keywords mà tuột mất đáp án nhé!)

However, we now think that probably the main cause of the birds’ extinction was not the introduction of non-native species, but the introduction of agriculture [= The arrival of farming]. This meant that the forest that has once covered all the island, and that had provided a perfect home for the dodo, was cut down [= destroyed] [Điều này có nghĩa là khu rừng đã từng bao phủ toàn bộ hòn đảo, và là nơi cung cấp một ngôi nhà hoàn hảo cho dodo, đã bị chặt phá] (Question 40) so that crops such as sugar could be grown . So although the dodo had survived for thousands of years, suddenly it was gone.

IELTS Handbook 16 – Test 4