IELTS Handbook 19 - Test 3 - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

part 1

Questions

1 – 6

Questions 1-6. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Local food shops Where to go Kite Place — near the 1

Fish market cross the 2

and turn right best to go before 3

pm, earlier than closing time Organic shop called 4‘

below a restaurant in the large, grey building look for the large 5

outside Supermarket take a 6

minibus, number 289

Questions

7 – 10

Questions 7-10. Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Shopping
	To buy	Other ideas
Fish market	a dozen prawns	a handful of (7) ___________ (type of seaweed)
Organic shop	beans and a (8) ___________ for dessert	spices and (9) ___________
Bakery	a brown loaf	a (10) ___________ tart

part 2

Questions

11 – 16

Questions 11-16. What information is given about each of the following festival workshops? Choose SIX answers

Festival workshops

Information

A involves painting and drawing

B will be led by a prize-winning author

C is aimed at children with a disability

D involves a drama activity

E focuses on new relationships

F is aimed at a specific age group

G explores an unhappy feeling

H raises awareness of a particular culture

Superheroes

Chọn đáp án

Just do it

Chọn đáp án

Count on me

Chọn đáp án

Speak up

Chọn đáp án

Jump for joy

Chọn đáp án

Sticks and stones

Chọn đáp án

Questions

17 – 18

Questions 17 and 18. Choose TWO letters, A—E. Which TWO reasons does the speaker give for recommending Alive and Kicking?

17
18
A
It will appeal to both boys and girls.

B
The author is well known.

C
It has colourful illustrations.

D
It is funny.

E
It deals with an important topic.

Questions

19 – 20

Questions 19 and 20. Choose TWO letters, A—E. Which TWO pieces of advice does the speaker give to parents about reading?

19
20
A
Encourage children to write down new vocabulary.

B
Allow children to listen to audio books.

C
Get recommendations from librarians.

D
Give children a choice about what they read.

E
Only read aloud to children until they can read independently.

part 3

Questions

21 – 25

Questions 21-25. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Science experiment for Year 12 students

21
How does Clare feel about the students in her Year 12 science class?
A
worried that they are not making progress
B
challenged by their poor behaviour in class
C
frustrated at their lack of interest in the subject

22
How does Jake react to Clare’s suggestion about an experiment based on children’s diet?
A
He is concerned that the results might not be meaningful.
B
He feels some of the data might be difficult to obtain.
C
He suspects that the conclusions might be upsetting.

23
What problem do they agree may be involved in an experiment involving animals?
A
Any results may not apply to humans.
B
It may be complicated to get permission.
C
Students may not be happy about animal experiments.

24
What question do they decide the experiment should address?
A
Are mice capable of controlling their food intake?
B
Does an increase in sugar lead to health problems?
C
How much do supplements of different kinds affect health?

25
Clare might also consider doing another experiment involving
A
other types of food supplement.
B
different genetic strains of mice.
C
varying amounts of exercise.

Questions

26 – 30

Questions 26-30. Complete the flowchart below.

Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 26-30.

A size

B escape

C age

D water

E cereal

F calculations

G changes

H colour

Choose mice which are all the same 26 _________________

↓

Divide the mice into two groups, each with a different 27 _________________

↓

Put each group in a separate cage.

Feed group A commercial mouse food.

Feed group B the same, but also sugar contained in 28 _________________

↓

Take measurements using an electronic scale.

Place them in a weighing chamber to prevent 29 _________________

↓

Do all necessary 30 _________________

part 4

Questions

31 – 40

Questions 31-40. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Microplastics Where microplastics come from fibres from some 31

during washing the breakdown of large pieces of plastic waste from industry the action of vehicle tyres on roads Effects of microplastics They cause injuries to the 32

of wildlife and affect their digestive systems. They enter the food chain, e.g., in bottled and tap water, 33

and seafood. They may not affect human health, but they are already banned in skin cleaning products and 34

in some countries. Microplastics enter the soil through the air, rain and 35

Microplastics in the soil – a study by Anglia Ruskin University Earthworms are important because they add 36

to the soil. The study aimed to find whether microplastics in earthworms affect the 37

of plants. The study found that microplastics caused: – 38

loss in earthworms – fewer seeds to germinate – a rise in the level of 39

in the soil. The study concluded: – soil should be seen as an important natural process. – changes to soil damage both ecosystems and 40

part 1

Questions

1 – 6

Questions 1-6. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Local food shops Where to go Kite Place — near the 1

Fish market cross the 2

and turn right best to go before 3

pm, earlier than closing time Organic shop called 4‘

below a restaurant in the large, grey building look for the large 5

outside Supermarket take a 6

minibus, number 289

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript:

LEON: Hi Shannon – how are you settling into your new flat?

SHANNON: Really well, thanks.

LEON: You look like you’re going shopping.

SHANNON: Yes, I am. My cousins are coming to stay for a couple of days, and I have to cook for them.

LEON: Well, there are plenty of places to buy food in Kite Place – (Q1) it’s the area by the (= near) harbour. [Đó là khu vực cạnh bến cảng]

SHANNON: Oh, OK, I’ll find that on the map. Thanks.

LEON: What sort of food do you need to get?

SHANNON: Well, neither of them eats meat but they both like fish.

LEON: Well, there’s a really good fish market there.

SHANNON: Oh great – where is it exactly?

LEON: It’s at the far end of Kite Place, so (Q2) you have to go over (= cross) the bridge and then it’s on the right. [bạn phải đi qua cây cầu và sau đó nó ở bên phải.]

SHANNON: OK — is it open all day?

LEON: It doesn’t close until four, but I’d recommend going earlier than that – it does run out of some things.

SHANNON: Oh, I don’t want that to happen.

LEON: (Q3) As long as you get there by (= before) 3.30, you should be fine. [Miễn là bạn đến đó trước 3h30 thì sẽ ổn thôi.] It’s only 11 now, so plenty of time.

SHANNON: Right.

LEON: Do you need to buy vegetables too?

SHANNON: I do, and I want to avoid all the plastic packaging in the supermarket!

LEON: Well, there’s a really nice organic shop there. (Q4) Now what’s it called … it’s the name of a flower. I know, it’s ‘Rose’. [Bây giờ nó được gọi là gì nhỉ… đó là tên của một loài hoa. Tôi biết rồi, đó là ‘Rose’.]

SHANNON: That’s a nice name.

LEON: Yeah – it sells vegetables and quite a lot of other stuff.

SHANNON: And where’s that?

LEON: Well, as you reach the market, you’ll see a big grey building on your left — I think it used to be a warehouse. Anyway, now it’s a restaurant upstairs, but the ground floor has two shops either side of the entrance and it’s the one on the left.

SHANNON: That’s easy enough.

LEON: You can’t miss it – (Q5) there’s also a big (= large) sign on the pavement so you can look for that. [Ngoài ra còn có một tấm biển lớn trên vỉa hè để bạn có thể tìm kiếm.]

SHANNON: Fine! I guess if I need anything else, I’ll have to go to the supermarket.

LEON: Yeah – you should be able to get everything you need, but there’s a minibus that goes to the supermarket if you need it. (Q6) It’s purple and the number is 289. [Nó màu tím và số là 289.]

SHANNON: Thanks, that’s great.

Questions

7 – 10

Questions 7-10. Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Shopping
	To buy	Other ideas
Fish market	a dozen prawns	a handful of (7) ___________ (type of seaweed)
Organic shop	beans and a (8) ___________ for dessert	spices and (9) ___________
Bakery	a brown loaf	a (10) ___________ tart

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript:

LEON: So what do you need to get at the fish market? The salmon is always very good and the shellfish.

SHANNON: I’m going to make a curry, I think, and I need about 12 prawns for that.

LEON: They’ll have plenty of those.

SHANNON: OK.

LEON: Have you ever tried samphire?

SHANNON: No — what’s that?

LEON: It’s a type of seaweed. I just ask for a handful and you fry it in butter. It’s delicious!

SHANNON: Oh, I might try that – how do you spell it?

LEON: (Q7) It’s S-A-M-P-H-I-R-E [Đó là S-A-M-P-H-I-R-E].

SHANNON: Great – it’s always good to try something different.

LEON: Yeah.

SHANNON: I’ll see what beans they have in the organic shop and I think I’ll get something for dessert there.

LEON: How about a mango?

SHANNON: I’m not sure – they’re not always ripe. (Q8) I’d prefer a melon – it’s bigger too [Tôi thích một quả dưa hơn – nó cũng to hơn].

LEON: Good idea. The owner also sells a lot of spices there that you can put in a curry, (Q9) and things like coconut [và những thứ như dừa].

SHANNON: Oh, that’s very helpful. I’ll have a look.

LEON: No problem.

SHANNON: I know bread doesn’t really go with curry but I always like to have some in case.

LEON: As I said – all the bread is home-made and there’s lots of variety. I like the brown bread myself.

SHANNON: Mm, sounds good.

LEON: They sell other things there too.

SHANNON: Like cakes? I love chocolate cake.

LEON: Well – not that, (Q10) but they have a whole range of tarts and the best are the strawberry ones [nhưng họ có đủ loại bánh tart và ngon nhất là bánh dâu tây].

SHANNON: Perfect – hopefully I won’t even have to go to the supermarket!

part 2

Questions

11 – 16

Questions 11-16. What information is given about each of the following festival workshops? Choose SIX answers

Festival workshops

Information

A involves painting and drawing

B will be led by a prize-winning author

C is aimed at children with a disability

D involves a drama activity

E focuses on new relationships

F is aimed at a specific age group

G explores an unhappy feeling

H raises awareness of a particular culture

Superheroes

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Just do it

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Count on me

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Speak up

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Jump for joy

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Sticks and stones

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript:

PRESENTER: The children’s book festival is coming up again soon and here to tell us all about it is the festival’s organiser, Jenny Morgan. So tell us what we can expect this year, Jenny.

JENNY: Well, as usual we’ve got five days of action-packed exciting events for children, with writers coming from all over the country getting involved.

Just to give you an idea of what’s on offer in the workshops, first of all, there’s a very special event called Superheroes. (Q11) This is a chance for deaf children (= children with a disability) to share their reading experiences with author Madeleine Gordon, who is herself hearing impaired [Đây là cơ hội để trẻ khiếm thính chia sẻ kinh nghiệm đọc sách với tác giả Madeleine Gordon, bản thân cũng là người khiếm thính.].

‘Just do it’ is a practical workshop led by the well-known illustrator Mark Keane. He’ll take participants on a magical journey to faraway lands (Q12) with an opportunity for aspiring actors to do some role play (= drama activity) [với cơ hội cho các diễn viên đầy tham vọng được đóng vai].

‘Count on me’ is an inspiring and entertaining (Q13) look at the issues of friendship for 13-14-year-olds (= a specific age group) [xem xét các vấn đề về tình bạn của trẻ 13-14 tuổi]. It looks at some of the friendships described in popular books and asks participants to compare these with their own experiences.

‘Speak up’ is part of a series of workshops on the subject of mental health. (Q14) This is a creative writing workshop encouraging children to describe situations where young people experience loneliness (= unhappy feeling) [Đây là workshop viết sáng tạo khuyến khích trẻ miêu tả những tình huống mà giới trẻ trải qua sự cô đơn.]. A recent survey revealed that children can be lonely even when they’re at home with their families.

‘Jump for joy’, as many of you will know, is the heart-warming, best-selling story by Nina Karan about a young girl’s trip to visit her relatives in India. (Q15) It recently received the gold medal (= led by a prize-winning author) at the Waterford Awards [Gần đây nó đã nhận được huy chương vàng tại Giải thưởng Waterford]. Nina will get children to celebrate the word ‘joy’ by writing a poem.

‘Sticks and stones’ is the beautifully illustrated picture book for young readers about a community who organise an African-Caribbean festival (Q16) to help local children learn about (= raises awareness) their Jamaican roots (= a particular culture) [để giúp trẻ em địa phương tìm hiểu về nguồn gốc Jamaica của chúng]. This will be a musical event where children will have the chance to play steel drums. This is bound to be very popular, so please book as soon as possible.

Questions

17 – 18

Questions 17 and 18. Choose TWO letters, A—E. Which TWO reasons does the speaker give for recommending Alive and Kicking?

17
18
A
It will appeal to both boys and girls.

B
The author is well known.

C
It has colourful illustrations.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

D
It is funny.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

E
It deals with an important topic.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Which TWO reasons does the speaker give for recommending Alive and Kicking? A. It will appeal to both boys and girls. B. The author is well known. C. It has colourful illustrations. D. It is funny. E. It deals with an important topic.	It’s hard to choose, but Alive and Kicking is definitely worth mentioning. You won’t have heard of the writer as it’s her first book – which is really impressive. It’s basically the teenage diary of a boy from Somalia who comes to live in the UK. It deals with the serious issue of immigration [Nó nhắc đến vấn đề nghiêm trọng về nhập cư] and all the challenges the boy has to face at school and with the language barrier, etc. Usually, books like this are quite sad, but this one actually made me cry with laughter [nhưng quyển này thực sự đã làm tôi cười ra nước mắt]. On each page, there are simple but hilarious black and white stick drawings of the boy with his friends and teachers. At the end of each diary entry, there are new English words the boy learns each day, which may help develop some children’s vocabulary. I think my kids would enjoy that. What about any advice for parents on how to encourage their children to read more?
DỊCH NGHĨA
HAI lý do nào mà người nói đưa ra để giới thiệu Alive and Kicking? A. Nó sẽ thu hút cả bé trai và bé gái. B. Tác giả được nhiều người biết đến. C. Nó có hình minh họa đầy màu sắc. D. Nó gây hài. E. Nó đề cập đến một chủ đề quan trọng.

Questions

19 – 20

Questions 19 and 20. Choose TWO letters, A—E. Which TWO pieces of advice does the speaker give to parents about reading?

19
20
A
Encourage children to write down new vocabulary.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

B
Allow children to listen to audio books.
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này

C
Get recommendations from librarians.

D
Give children a choice about what they read.

E
Only read aloud to children until they can read independently.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Which TWO pieces of advice does the speaker give to parents about reading? A. Encourage children to write down new vocabulary. B. Allow children to listen to audio books. C. Get recommendations from librarians. D. Give children a choice about what they read. E. Only read aloud to children until they can read independently.	PRESENTER: I think my kids would enjoy that. What about any advice for parents on how to encourage their children to read more? JENNY: Well, this is something I get asked about a lot. There are so many distractions for kids these days that it can be hard to find time for reading. One thing I’d say is to make time to sit down with your child and share books with them. A lot of parents give up reading aloud to their children as soon as they learn to read independently, but this is a mistake. It’s good to read more advanced books to them as it helps to develop their vocabulary. If you don’t have time for this, then let them listen to audio books [hãy để trẻ nghe sách nói]. Often, they’ll want to read books they’ve listened to for themselves. I think it’s a good idea to make a mental note of the type of books your child is reading – often they just read the same genre all the time, which can get a bit boring. You can introduce new authors and genres to them. Librarians should be able to help you with this [bạn có thể giới thiệu các tác giả và thể loại mới cho trẻ. Thủ thư sẽ có thể giúp bạn việc này].
DỊCH NGHĨA
HAI lời khuyên nào mà người nói đưa ra cho các bậc cha mẹ về việc đọc sách? A. Khuyến khích trẻ viết ra từ vựng mới. B. Cho trẻ nghe sách nói. C. Tham khảo thêm ý kiến từ thủ thư. D. Cho trẻ lựa chọn những gì chúng đọc. E. Chỉ đọc to cho trẻ nghe cho đến khi trẻ có thể đọc độc lập.

part 3

Questions

21 – 25

Questions 21-25. Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Science experiment for Year 12 students

21
How does Clare feel about the students in her Year 12 science class?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
worried that they are not making progress
B
challenged by their poor behaviour in class
C
frustrated at their lack of interest in the subject

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
How does Clare feel about the students in her Year 12 science class? A. worried that they are not making progress B. challenged by their poor behaviour in class C. frustrated at their lack of interest in the subject	Well, I don’t have discipline problems as such. It’s just that they don’t seem to think that science has anything to do with their lives. [Chỉ là họ dường như không nghĩ rằng khoa học có liên quan gì đến cuộc sống của họ.] It’s depressing. They listen to what I say, and I gave them a test last week and the results weren’t too bad, but there’s no real engagement.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Clare cảm thấy thế nào về các học sinh trong lớp khoa học lớp 12 của cô ấy? A. lo lắng rằng họ không tiến bộ B. bị thách thức bởi hành vi kém cỏi của họ trong lớp C. thất vọng vì họ ít quan tâm đến chủ đề này

22
How does Jake react to Clare’s suggestion about an experiment based on children’s diet?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
He is concerned that the results might not be meaningful.
B
He feels some of the data might be difficult to obtain.
C
He suspects that the conclusions might be upsetting.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
How does Jake react to Clare’s suggestion about an experiment based on children’s diet? A. He is concerned that the results might not be meaningful. B. He feels some of the data might be difficult to obtain. C. He suspects that the conclusions might be upsetting.	CLARE: And as part of my teaching practice, I have to design an experiment for them to do. I was wondering about something on the children’s diets… you know, asking them to record what they eat and maybe linking it to their state of health. JAKE: Mmm. Let’s think. So your methodology would involve the children recording what they eat. OK, but you’d also need to have access to the children’s medical records and I don’t think people would be happy about that; confidentiality would be an issue [nhưng bạn cũng cần có quyền truy cập vào hồ sơ y tế của trẻ em và tôi không nghĩ mọi người sẽ hài lòng về điều đó; tính bảo mật sẽ là một vấn đề]. If you could get the right data, the conclusions might be significant,but I suspect it’s not going to be easy.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Jake phản ứng thế nào trước đề xuất của Clare về một thí nghiệm dựa trên chế độ ăn uống của trẻ em? A. Anh ấy lo ngại rằng kết quả có thể không có ý nghĩa. B. Anh ấy cảm thấy một số dữ liệu có thể khó lấy được. C. Anh ấy nghi ngờ rằng những kết luận đó có thể gây khó chịu.

23
What problem do they agree may be involved in an experiment involving animals?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
Any results may not apply to humans.
B
It may be complicated to get permission.
C
Students may not be happy about animal experiments.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
What problem do they agree may be involved in an experiment involving animals? A. Any results may not apply to humans. B. It may be complicated to get permission. C. Students may not be happy about animal experiments.	JAKE: Have you thought about doing an experiment using animals? CLARE: Wouldn’t that be upsetting for the children? JAKE: Well, the animals don’t have to be harmed in any way. It could just be an experiment where they’re given a certain diet and the effects are observed. CLARE: Would I have to get permission to use animals? JAKE: Yes, you’d have to submit an outline of the experiment and fill in a form, but it’s quite straightforward. CLARE: But if we found out that, say, a particular diet affects the health of animals, the same thing wouldn’t necessarily be true for people, would it [điều tương tự không nhất thiết đúng với con người, phải không]? JAKE: No that’s true [Không, đúng vậy], but the findings for any experiment are going to be limited. It’s inevitable.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Họ đồng ý rằng vấn đề gì có thể liên quan đến một thí nghiệm liên quan đến động vật? A. Mọi kết quả đều có thể không áp dụng cho con người. B. Việc xin giấy phép có thể phức tạp. C. Học sinh có thể không hài lòng với các thí nghiệm trên động vật.

24
What question do they decide the experiment should address?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
Are mice capable of controlling their food intake?
B
Does an increase in sugar lead to health problems?
C
How much do supplements of different kinds affect health?

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
What question do they decide the experiment should address? A. Are mice capable of controlling their food intake? B. Does an increase in sugar lead to health problems? C. How much do supplements of different kinds affect health?	JAKE: OK, so what will your experiment be investigating exactly? CLARE: Well, something to do with nutrition. So maybe we could look at food supplements… things like extra iron and extra protein, and their impact on health. JAKE: Mmm. That might be rather broad. Maybe just look at the effects of one supplement, like sugar, on the health of the mice? CLARE: In fact, maybe the focus could be on whether mice can control their own diet [Trên thực tế, có lẽ trọng tâm là liệu chuột có thể kiểm soát chế độ ăn của chúng hay không].
DỊCH NGHĨA
Họ quyết định rằng thử nghiệm nên giải quyết câu hỏi nào? A. Chuột có khả năng kiểm soát lượng thức ăn của chúng không? B. Lượng đường tăng lên có dẫn đến các vấn đề sức khỏe không? C. Các loại thực phẩm bổ sung khác nhau ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe ở mức độ nào?

25
Clare might also consider doing another experiment involving
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
other types of food supplement.
B
different genetic strains of mice.
C
varying amounts of exercise.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI	TRANSCRIPT & GIẢI THÍCH
Clare might also consider doing another experiment involving A. other types of food supplement. B. different genetic strains of mice. C. varying amounts of exercise.	JAKE: So, what happens when they have access to more sugar, that they don’t really need? CLARE: Exactly. Do they eat it or do they decide to leave it? JAKE: Great. Then later on, you could do a follow-up experiment adding another variable. Like, you could give some of the mice the chance to be more active, running on a wheel or something, and the others just sit around and don’t do much [bạn có thể cho một số con chuột hoạt động nhiều hơn, chạy trên bánh xe hoặc thứ gì đó, còn những con khác chỉ ngồi một chỗ và không làm gì nhiều]. CLARE: Or I could repeat the experiment but change the type of food I provided… or use mice with a different genetic structure. But I think your idea would be more interesting [Nhưng tôi nghĩ ý tưởng của bạn sẽ thú vị hơn], I might think about that some more.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Clare cũng có thể cân nhắc thực hiện một thí nghiệm khác liên quan đến A. các loại thực phẩm bổ sung khác. B. các chủng di truyền khác nhau của chuột. C. các mức vận động khác nhau.

Questions

26 – 30

Questions 26-30. Complete the flowchart below.

Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 26-30.

A size

B escape

C age

D water

E cereal

F calculations

G changes

H colour

Choose mice which are all the same 26 _________________

↓

Divide the mice into two groups, each with a different 27 _________________

↓

Put each group in a separate cage.

Feed group A commercial mouse food.

Feed group B the same, but also sugar contained in 28 _________________

↓

Take measurements using an electronic scale.

Place them in a weighing chamber to prevent 29 _________________

↓

Do all necessary 30 _________________

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript:

CLARE: So can I talk through a possible procedure for the experiment where mice are given a sugar supplement?

JAKE: Sure. I did a similar experiment in college actually.

CLARE: Great. So how many mice would I need?

JAKE: I’d say about 12. And (Q26) all young ones (= all the same age), not a mixture of old and young [tất cả là con non, không phải là pha trộn giữa con trưởng thành và con non].

CLARE: OK. And I’d need two groups of equal sizes, so six in each group. And how would I tell them apart? I suppose I could put some sort of tag on one group … or just mark them in some way [đánh dấu chúng theo một cách nào đó]?

JAKE: (Q27) You could use food colouring (= colour) [Bạn có thể sử dụng màu thực phẩm], that wouldn’t hurt them.

CLARE: Perfect. Then each group would go into a separate cage, and one group, let’s call them group A, would be the control group. So they’d just have ordinary mouse food. I suppose you can buy that?

JAKE: Yes, it comes in dry pellets.

CLARE: And the other group would have the same as the first group, but they’d also have the extra sugar.

JAKE: Would you just give them straight sugar?

CLARE: It might be better to (Q28) give them something like cereal with it [cho chúng thứ gì đó như ngũ cốc đi kèm].

JAKE: Mmm. Then you’d need to weigh the mice, I should think once a week. And you’d need an electronic balance.

CLARE: But we can’t hold them on the balance, or it’d affect the reading.

JAKE: Exactly. So you need something called (Q29) a weighing chamber to stop (= prevent) the mice from running away (= escape) [một buồng cân để ngăn chuột chạy đi]. It sounds complicated, but actually you can just use a plastic box with holes in the top.

CLARE: OK. So (Q30) once we’ve measured the weight gain of each mouse we can work out (= do) the average for each group, as well as the standard deviation (= calculations) [Sau khi đo mức tăng cân của từng con chuột, chúng ta có thể tính ra mức trung bình cho từng nhóm cũng như độ lệch chuẩn]. And then see where we go from there. That sounds cool, I think the students will enjoy it.

JAKE: Yes. One thing …

part 4

Questions

31 – 40

Questions 31-40. Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

MicroplasticsWhere microplastics come from fibres from some 31

during washing the breakdown of large pieces of plastic waste from industry the action of vehicle tyres on roadsEffects of microplastics They cause injuries to the 32

of wildlife and affect their digestive systems. They enter the food chain, e.g., in bottled and tap water, 33

and seafood. They may not affect human health, but they are already banned in skin cleaning products and 34

in some countries. Microplastics enter the soil through the air, rain and 35

Microplastics in the soil – a study by Anglia Ruskin University Earthworms are important because they add 36

to the soil. The study aimed to find whether microplastics in earthworms affect the 37

of plants. The study found that microplastics caused: – 38

loss in earthworms – fewer seeds to germinate – a rise in the level of 39

in the soil. The study concluded: – soil should be seen as an important natural process. – changes to soil damage both ecosystems and 40

Giải thích đáp án

Giải thích đáp án

Các keywords trong câu hỏi được bôi vàng
Đáp án được in đậm và bôi đỏ

Transcript:

In today’s lecture, I’m going to be talking about microplastics.

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than five millimetres in size. Recently there’s been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste – big and small – in the environment. The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention, but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil.

Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources. (Q31) Threads and microfibres detach from synthetic clothing every time they’re put in a washing machine (= during washing) [Sợi chỉ và sợi nhỏ bong ra khỏi quần áo tổng hợp mỗi khi chúng được cho vào máy giặt], and these find their way into the water system. Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment, and these break down into microscopic particles over a period of time. On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as are tyres which wear down as cars, lorries and so on travel along road surfaces.

We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals. There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, (Q32) such as by damaging (cause injuries to) their mouths, or by impairing their ability to feed (= affect their digestive systems) [chẳng hạn như làm tổn thương miệng của chúng hoặc làm suy giảm khả năng kiếm ăn của chúng], for example when microplastics get lodged in their digestive system Surprisingly perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products, including bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the tap. What’s more, (Q33) salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics [muối và nhiều loại hải sản cũng được phát hiện có chứa hạt vi nhựa].

However, it’s important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people. In many countries, including here in the UK, (Q34) there is legislation which prevents (= ban) manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels, facial cleansers (= skin cleaning products) and toothpaste [có luật cấm các nhà sản xuất thêm hạt vi nhựa vào sữa tắm, sữa rửa mặt và kem đánh răng].

It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect, but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain. What’s more, (Q35) many of the fertilisers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics [nhiều loại phân bón được cả nông dân và người làm vườn sử dụng có chứa hạt vi nhựa].

A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms. These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component (= important) of our agricultural system. (Q36) By feeding on soil, they mix (= add) nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile [Bằng cách ăn đất, chúng trộn chất dinh dưỡng vào đất, từ đó làm cho đất trở nên màu mỡ hơn].

The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil – (Q37) and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms – would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit (= affect) plant growth [và việc giun đất ăn những thứ này sau đó – sẽ ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng đất và cuối cùng là ức chế sự phát triển của thực vật]. The short answer was, yes, it did. After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial rye grass. The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high-density polyethylene, or HDPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil. (Q38) The result was that the worms lost (= loss) weight rapidly [Kết quả là giun sụt cân nhanh chóng]. What’s more, a lower percentage than normal of the rye grass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile. The team also discovered that (Q39) there was an increase in (=a rise in) the amount of (= the level of) acid found in the soil [có sự gia tăng lượng axit được tìm thấy trong đất], and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic.

The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading – I’ve included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session. To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature. This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms. That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics, (Q40) not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted (= damage) [không chỉ các hệ sinh thái mà cả xã hội đều bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực].

IELTS Handbook 19 – Test 3