IELTS Handbook 15 - Test 3 - R - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Henry Moore (1898-1986)

The British sculptor Henry Moore was a leading figure in the 20th-century art world

Henry Moore was born in Castleford, a small town near Leeds in the north of England. He was the seventh child of Raymond Moore and his wife Mary Baker. He studied at Castleford Grammar School from 1909 to 1915, where his early interest in art was encouraged by his teacher Alice Gostick. After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, but instead he complied with his father’s wish that he train as a schoolteacher. He had to abandon his training in 1917 when he was sent to France to fight in the First World War.

After the war, Moore enrolled at the Leeds School of Art, where he studied for two years. In his first year, he spent most of his time drawing. Although he wanted to study sculpture, no teacher was appointed until his second year. At the end of that year, he passed the sculpture examination and was awarded a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In September 1921, he moved to London and began three years of advanced study in sculpture.

Alongside the instruction he received at the Royal College, Moore visited many of the London museums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient sculpture. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptian and African sculpture. As he became increasingly interested in these ‘primitive’ forms of art, he turned away from European sculptural traditions.

After graduating, Moore spent the first six months of 1925 travelling in France. When he visited the Trocadero Museum in Paris, he was impressed by a cast of a Mayan* sculpture of the rain spirit. It was a male reclining figure with its knees drawn up together, and its head at a right angle to its body. Moore became fascinated with this stone sculpture, which he thought had a power and originality that no other stone sculpture possessed. He himself started carving a variety of subjects in stone, including depiction of reclining women, mother-and-child groups, and masks.

Moore’s exceptional talent soon gained recognition, and in 1926 he started work as a sculpture instructor at the Royal College. In 1933, he became a member of a group of young artists called Unit One. The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the merits of the emerging international movement in modern art and architecture.

Around this time, Moore moved away from the human figure to experiment with abstract shapes. In 1931, he held an exhibition at the Leicester Galleries in London. His work was enthusiastically welcomed by fellow sculptors, but the reviews in the press were extremely negative and turned Moore into a notorious figure. There were calls for his resignation from the Royal College, and the following year, when his contract expired, he left to start a sculpture department at the Chelsea School of Art in London.

Throughout the 1930s, Moore did not show any inclination to please the British public. He became interested in the paintings of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, whose work inspired him to distort the human body in a radical way. At times, he seemed to abandon the human figure altogether. The pages of his sketchbooks from this period show his ideas for abstract sculptures that bore little resemblance to the human form.

In 1940, during the Second World War, Moore stopped teaching at the Chelsea School and moved to a farmhouse about 20 miles north of London. A shortage of materials forced him to focus on drawing. He did numerous small sketches of Londoners, later turning these ideas into large coloured drawings in his studio. In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the miners who worked there.

In 1944, Harlow, a town near London, offered Moore a commission for a sculpture depicting a family. The resulting work signifies a dramatic change in Moore’s style, away from the experimentation of the 1930s towards a more natural and humanistic subject matter. He did dozens of studies in clay for the sculpture, and these were cast in bronze and issued in editions of seven to nine copies each. In this way, Moore’s work became available to collectors all over the world. The boost to his income enabled him to take on ambitious projects and start working on the scale he felt his sculpture demanded.

Critics who had begun to think that Moore had become less revolutionary were proven wrong by the appearance, in 1950, of the first of Moore’s series of standing figures in bronze, with their harsh and angular pierced forms and distinct impression of menace. Moore also varied his subject matter in the 1950s with such works as Warrior with Shield and Falling Warrior. These were rare examples of Moore’s use of the male figure and owe something to his visit to Greece in 1951, when he had the opportunity to study ancient works of art.

In his final years, Moore created the Henry Moore Foundation to promote art appreciation and to display his work. Moore was the first modern English sculptor to achieve international critical acclaim and he is still regarded as one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century.

—

*Mayan: belonging to an ancient civilisation that inhabited parts of current-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras.

Questions

1 – 6

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1
On leaving school, Moore did what his father wanted him to do.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

2
Moore began studying sculpture in his first term at the Leeds School of Art.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

3
When Moore started at the Royal College of Art, its reputation for teaching sculpture was excellent.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

4
Moore became aware of ancient sculpture as a result of visiting London Museums.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

5
The Trocadero Museum’s Mayan sculpture attracted a lot of public interest.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

6
Moore thought the Mayan sculpture was similar in certain respects to other stone sculptures.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

7
The artists who belonged to Unit One wanted to make modern art and architecture more popular.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Questions

7 – 13

Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

Moore’s career as an artist

Guard rails Guard rails were introduced on British roads to improve the 7

of pedestrians, while ensuring that the movement of 8

is not disrupted. Pedestrians are led to access points, and encouraged to cross one 9

at a time. An unintended effect is to create psychological difficulties in crossing the road, particularly for less 10

people. Another result is that some people cross the road in a 11

way. The guard rails separate 12

, and make it more difficult to introduce forms of transport that are 13

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

The Desolenator: producing clean water

Travelling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, where energy from the sun was absorbed by a plate and then used to heat water for domestic use. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water.

The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. It is particularly valuable in regions where natural groundwater reserves have been polluted, or where seawater is the only water source available.

Janssen saw that there was a need for a sustainable way to clean water is both the developing and the developed countries when he moved to the United Arab Emirates and saw large-scale water processing. ‘I was confronted with the enormous carbon footprint that the Gulf nations have because of all of the desalination that they do,’ he says.

The Desolenator can produce 15 litres of drinking water per day, enough to sustain a family for cooking and drinking. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and it easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels. Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin film between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel, where it is heated by the sun. the warm water flows into a small boiler (heated by a solar-powered battery) where it is converted to steam. When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filter to trap particles, and this can easily be shaken to remove them. There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and another for the distilled water. The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary.

A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. Janssen says that be 2030 half of the world’s population will be living with water stress – where the demand exceeds the supply over a certain period of time. ‘It is really important that a sustainable solution is brought to the market that is able to help these people,’ he says. Many countries ‘don’t have the money for desalination plants, which are very expensive to build. They don’t have the money to operate them, they are very maintenance intensive, and they don’t have the money to buy the diesel to run the desalination plants, so it is a really bad situation.’

The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in rural parts of the US. The first commercial versions of the Desolenator are expected to be in operation in India early next year, after field tests are carried out. The market for the self-sufficient devices in developing countries is twofold – those who cannot afford the money for the device outright and pay through microfinance, and middle-income homes that can lease their own equipment. ‘People in India don’t pay for a fridge outright; they pay for it over six months. They would put the Desolenator on their roof and hook it up to their municipal supply and they would get very reliable drinking water on a daily basis,’ Janssen says. In the developed world, it is aimed at niche markets where tap water is unavailable – for camping, on boats, or for the military, for instance.

Prices will vary according to where it is bought. In the developing world, the price will depend on what deal aid organisations can negotiate. In developed countries, it is likely to come in at $1,000 (£685) a unit, said Janssen. ‘We are a venture with a social mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding application in the developing world and humanitarian sector and that this is the way we will proceed. We do realise, though, that to be a viable company there is a bottom line to keep in mind,’ he says.

The company itself is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief executive, still lives in the UAE. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. Within two years, he says, the company aims to be selling 1,000 units a month, mainly in the humanitarian field. They are expected to be sold in areas such as Australia, northern Chile, Peru, Texas and California.

Questions

14 – 17

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Match the correct number, i-x, with boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

Section A

Chọn đáp án

Section B

Chọn đáp án

Section C

Chọn đáp án

Section D

Chọn đáp án

Section E

Chọn đáp án

Section F

Chọn đáp án

Section G

Chọn đáp án

Questions

18 – 22

Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.

How the Desolenator works

The woolly mammoth revival project Professor George Church and his team are trying to identify the 18

which enabled mammoths to live in the tundra. The findings could help preserve the mammoth’s close relative, the endangered Asian elephant. According to Church, introducing Asian elephants to the tundra would involve certain physical adaptations to minimise 19

. To survive in the tundra, the species would need to have the mammoth-like features of thicker hair, 20

of a reduced size and more 21

. Repopulating the tundra with mammoths or Asian elephant/mammoth hybrids would also have an impact on the environment, which could help to reduce temperatures and decrease 22

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Why fairy tales are really scary tales

Some people think that fairy tales are just stories to amuse children, but their universal and enduring appeal may be due to more serious reasons

People of every culture tell each other fairy tales but the same story often takes a variety of forms in different parts of the world. In the story of Little Red Riding Hood that European children are familiar with, a young girl on the way to see her grandmother meets a wolf and tells him where she is going. The wolf runs on ahead and disposes of the grandmother, then gets into bed dressed in the grandmother’s clothes to wait for Little Red Riding Hood. You may think you know the story – but which version? In some versions, the wolf swallows up the grandmother, while in others it locks her in a cupboard. In some stories Red Riding Hood gets the better of the wolf on her own, while in others a hunter or a woodcutter hears her cries and comes to her rescue.

The universal appeal of these tales is frequently attributed to the idea that they contain cautionary messages: in the case of Little Red Riding Hood, to listen to your mother, and avoid talking to strangers. ‘It might be what we find interesting about this story is that it’s got this survival-relevant information in it,’ says anthropologist Jamie Tehrani at Durham University in the UK. But his research suggests otherwise. ‘We have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history and prehistory of storytelling, despite the fact that we know this genre is an incredibly ancient one,’ he says. That hasn’t stopped anthropologists, folklorists* and other academics devising theories to explain the importance of fairy tales in human society. Now Tehrani has found a way to test these ideas, borrowing a technique from evolutionary biologists.

To work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of organisms, biologists compare the characteristics of living species in a process called ‘phylogenetic analysis’. Tehrani has used the same approach to compare related versions of fairy tales to discover how they have evolved and which elements have survived longest.

Tehrani’s analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids. Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time.

First he tested some assumptions about which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance. Folklorists believe that what happens in a story is more central to the story than the characters in it – that visiting a relative, only to be met by a scary animal in disguise, is more fundamental than whether the visitor is a little girl or three siblings, or the animal is a tiger instead of a wolf.

However, Tehrani found no significant difference in the rate of evolution of incidents compared with that of characters. ‘Certain episodes are very stable because they are crucial to the story, but there are lots of other details that can evolve quite freely,’ he says. Neither did his analysis support the theory that the central section of a story is the most conserved part. He found no significant difference in the flexibility of events there compared with the beginning or the end.

But the really big surprise came when he looked at the cautionary elements of the story. ‘Studies on hunter-gatherer folk tales suggest that these narratives include really important information about the environment and the possible dangers that may be faced there – stuff that’s relevant to survival,’ he says. Yet in his analysis such elements were just as flexible as seemingly trivial details. What, then, is important enough to be reproduced from generation to generation?

The answer, it would appear, is fear – blood-thirsty and gruesome aspects of the story, such as the eating of the grandmother by the wolf, turned out to be the best preserved of all. Why are these details retained by generations of storytellers, when other features are not? Tehrani has an idea: ‘In an oral context, a story won’t survive because of one great teller. It also needs to be interesting when it’s told by someone who’s not necessarily a great storyteller.’ Maybe being swallowed whole by a wolf, then cut out of its stomach alive is so gripping that it helps the story remain popular, no matter how badly it’s told.

Jack Zipes at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, is unconvinced by Tehrani’s views on fairy tales. ‘Even if they’re gruesome, they won’t stick unless they matter,’ he says. He believes the perennial theme of women as victims in stories like Little Red Riding Hood explains why they continue to feel relevant. But Tehrani points out that although this is often the case in Western versions, it is not always true elsewhere. In Chinese and Japanese versions, often known as The Tiger Grandmother, the villain is a woman, and in both Iran and Nigeria, the victim is a boy.

Mathias Clasen at Aarhus University in Denmark isn’t surprised by Tehrani’s findings. ‘Habits and morals change, but the things that scare us, and the fact that we seek out entertainment that’s designed to scare us – those are constant,’ he says. Clasen believes that scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real danger, and so build up resistance to negative emotions.

—-

*Folklorists: those who study traditional stories

Questions

27 – 31

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

In fairy tales, details of the plot

Chọn đáp án

Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fairy tales

Chọn đáp án

Various theories about the social significance of fairy tales

Chọn đáp án

Insights into the development of fairy tales

Chọn đáp án

All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani

Chọn đáp án

Questions

32 – 36

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below. Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

The benefits of humour In one study at Australian National University, randomly chosen groups of participants were shown one of three videos, each designed to generate a different kind of 32

. When all participants were then given a deliberately frustrating task to do, it was found that those who had watched the 33

video persisted with the task for longer and tried harder to accomplish the task than either of the other two groups. A second study in which participants were asked to perform a particularly 34

task produced similar results. According to researchers David Cheng and Lu Wang, these findings suggest that humour not only reduces 35

and helps build social connections but it may also have a 36

Effect on the body and mind.

Questions

37 – 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37
What method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fairy tales?
A
He compared oral and written forms of the same stories.
B
He looked at many different forms of the same basic story.
C
He looked at unrelated stories from many different countries.
D
He contrasted the development of fairy tales with that of living creatures.

38
When discussing Tehrani’s views, Jack Zipes suggests that
A
Tehrani ignores key changes in the role of women.
B
stories which are too horrific are not always taken seriously.
C
Tehrani overemphasises the importance of violence in stories.
D
features of stories only survive if they have a deeper significance.

39
Why does Tehrani refer to Chinese and Japanese fairy tales?
A
to indicate that Jack Zipes’ theory is incorrect
B
to suggest that crime is a global problem
C
to imply that all fairy tales have a similar meaning
D
to add more evidence for Jack Zipes’ ideas

40
What does Mathias Clasen believe about fairy tales?
A
They are a safe way of learning to deal with fear.
B
They are a type of entertainment that some people avoid.
C
They reflect the changing values of our society.
D
They reduce our ability to deal with real-world problems.

Questions

1 – 7

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1
On leaving school, Moore did what his father wanted him to do.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 1- TRUE Chú ý tới từ khóa “LEAVING SCHOOL” để tìm được Paragraph 1 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
On leaving school, Moore did what his father wanted him to do.	After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, but instead he complied with his father’s wish that he train as a schoolteacher.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Khi rời trường, Moore đã làm những gì cha anh ấy muốn anh ấy làm.	Sau khi rời trường học, Moore hy vọng trở thành một nhà điêu khắc, nhưng thay vào đó, anh ấy đã tuân theo mong muốn của cha mình rằng anh ấy được đào tạo thành một giáo viên.
Giải thích: bài khóa nhắc đến việc Moore làm giáo viên theo nguyện vọng bố ⇒ TRUE

2
Moore began studying sculpture in his first term at the Leeds School of Art.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 2 – FALSE Chú ý tới từ khóa “Leeds School of Art” để tìm được Paragraph 2 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Moore began studying sculpture in his first term at the Leeds School of Art.	After the war, Moore enrolled at the Leeds School of Art, where he studied for two years. In his first year, he spent most of his time drawing. Although he wanted to study sculpture, no teacher was appointed until his second year.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Moore bắt đầu học điêu khắc trong học kỳ đầu tiên tại Trường Nghệ thuật Leeds.	Sau chiến tranh, Moore ghi danh vào Trường Nghệ thuật Leeds, nơi ông theo học trong hai năm. Trong năm đầu tiên, anh ấy dành phần lớn thời gian để vẽ. Mặc dù anh ấy muốn học điêu khắc, không có giáo viên nào được bổ nhiệm cho đến năm thứ hai của anh ấy.
Giải thích: Do trong năm nhất chưa có giáo viên dạy bộ môn điêu khắc => không thể học vào năm nhất ⇒ FALSE

3
When Moore started at the Royal College of Art, its reputation for teaching sculpture was excellent.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 3 – NOT GIVEN Chú ý tới từ khóa “the Royal College of Art” để tìm được Paragraph 2 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
When Moore started at the Royal College of Art, its reputation for teaching sculpture was excellent.	At the end of that year, he passed the sculpture examination and was awarded a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In September 1921, he moved to London and began three years of advanced study in sculpture.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Khi Moore bắt đầu học tại Đại học Nghệ thuật Hoàng gia, danh tiếng của trường về việc giảng dạy điêu khắc là rất xuất sắc.	Vào cuối năm đó, anh đã vượt qua kỳ thi điêu khắc và được trao học bổng vào Đại học Nghệ thuật Hoàng gia ở London. Vào tháng 9 năm 1921, ông chuyển đến London và bắt đầu ba năm học nâng cao về điêu khắc
Giải thích: bài khóa không đề cập tới danh tiếng của trường ông Moore theo học ⇒ NOT GIVEN

4
Moore became aware of ancient sculpture as a result of visiting London Museums.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 4 – TRUE Chú ý tới từ khóa “London Museums” để tìm được Paragraph 3 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Moore became aware of ancient sculpture as a result of visiting London Museums.	Alongside the instruction he received at the Royal College, Moore visited many of the London museums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient sculpture. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptian
DỊCH NGHĨA
Moore biết đến tác phẩm điêu khắc cổ đại khi đến thăm Viện bảo tàng London.	Cùng với sự hướng dẫn mà ông nhận được tại Đại học Hoàng gia, Moore đã đến thăm nhiều bảo tàng ở London, đặc biệt là Bảo tàng Anh, nơi có một bộ sưu tập đa dạng các tác phẩm điêu khắc cổ đại. Trong những chuyến thăm này, anh đã khám phá ra sức mạnh và vẻ đẹp của người Ai Cập cổ đại
Giải thích: bài khóa đề cập tới các chuyến thăm của ông Moore tới các bảo tàng ở London, và bảo tàng anh là một trong số đó ⇒ TRUE

5
The Trocadero Museum’s Mayan sculpture attracted a lot of public interest.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 5 – NOT GIVEN Chú ý tới từ khóa “The Trocadero Museum” để tìm được Paragraph 4 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The Trocadero Museum’s Mayan sculpture attracted a lot of public interest.	After graduating, Moore spent the first six months of 1925 traveling in France. When he visited the Trocadero Museum in Paris, he was impressed by a cast of a Mayan* sculpture of the rain spirit. It was a male reclining figure with its knees drawn up together, and its head at a right angle
DỊCH NGHĨA
Tác phẩm điêu khắc Maya của Bảo tàng Trocadero đã thu hút rất nhiều sự quan tâm của công chúng.	Sau khi tốt nghiệp, Moore đã dành sáu tháng đầu tiên của năm 1925 để đi du lịch ở Pháp. Khi đến thăm Bảo tàng Trocadero ở Paris, anh đã bị ấn tượng bởi một tác phẩm điêu khắc thần mưa của người Maya *. Đó là một hình tượng nam giới với đầu gối co lên và đầu ở một góc vuông
Giải thích: bài khóa chỉ nói về sự ấn tượng của ông Moore đối với bức tượng điêu khắc chứ không nhắc tới sự quan tâm của công chúng ⇒ NOT GIVEN

6
Moore thought the Mayan sculpture was similar in certain respects to other stone sculptures.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 6 – FALSE Chú ý tới từ khóa “Mayan sculpture” để tìm được Paragraph 4 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Moore thought the Mayan sculpture was similar in certain respects to other stone sculptures.	Moore became fascinated with this stone sculpture, which he thought had a power and originality that no other stone sculpture possessed. He himself started carving a variety of
DỊCH NGHĨA
Moore cho rằng tác phẩm điêu khắc của người Maya ở một số khía cạnh tương tự như các tác phẩm điêu khắc đá khác	Moore trở nên say mê với tác phẩm điêu khắc đá này, mà ông cho rằng nó có một sức mạnh và sự độc đáo mà không một tác phẩm điêu khắc đá nào khác sở hữu được. Bản thân anh ấy bắt đầu chạm khắc nhiều loại
Giải thích: trong bài khóa Moore cho rằng bức tượng Mayan có sự khác biệt hoàn toàn so với các tượng điêu khắc khác ⇒ FALSE

7
The artists who belonged to Unit One wanted to make modern art and architecture more popular.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 7 – TRUE Chú ý tới từ khóa “Unit One” để tìm được Paragraph 5 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The artists who belonged to Unit One wanted to make modern art and architecture more popular.	In 1933, he became a member of a group of young artists called Unit One. The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the merits of the emerging international movement in modern art and architecture
DỊCH NGHĨA
Các nghệ sĩ thuộc Unit One muốn làm cho nghệ thuật và kiến trúc hiện đại trở nên phổ biến hơn.	Năm 1933, ông trở thành thành viên của một nhóm nghệ sĩ trẻ được gọi là Unit One. Mục đích của nhóm là thuyết phục công chúng Anh về giá trị của phong trào quốc tế đang nổi lên trong nghệ thuật và kiến trúc hiện đại
Giải thích: bài khóa cho thấy đội Unit One muốn làm nghệ thuật và kiến trúc hiện đại được biết đến rộng rãi hơn ⇒ TRUE

Questions

8 – 13

Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

Moore’s career as an artist

1930s ● Moore’s exhibition at the Leicester Galleries is criticised by the press ● Moore is urged to offer his 8

and leave the Royal College. 1940s ● Moore turns to drawing because 9

for sculpting are not readily available ● While visiting his hometown, Moore does some drawings of 10

● Moore is employed to produce a sculpture of a 11

● 12

start to buy Moore’s work ● Moore’s increased 13

makes it possible for him to do more ambitious sculptures 1950s ● Moore’s series of bronze figures marks a further change in his style

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 8 – resignation

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ sở hữu “his” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Moore is urged to offer his resignationand leave the Royal College.

In 1931, he held an exhibition at the Leicester Galleries in London. His work was enthusiastically welcomed by fellow sculptors, but the reviews in the press were extremely negative and turned Moore into a notorious figure. There were calls for his resignationfrom the Royal College

CÂU HỎI 9 – MATERIALS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước vị ngữ “for sculpting are not readily ” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Moore turns to drawing because materialsfor sculpting are not readily available

A shortage of materialsforced him to focus on drawing

CÂU HỎI 10 – MINERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau giới từ “of” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

While visiting his hometown, Moore does some drawings of miners

In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the minerswho worked there

CÂU HỎI 11 – FAMILY

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau mạo từ “a” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Moore is employed to produce a sculpture of a family

In 1944, Harlow, a town near London, offered Moore a commission for a sculpture depicting a family

CÂU HỎI 12 – COLLECTORS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước động từ “start” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

collectorsstart to buy Moore’s work

In this way, Moore’s work became available to collectorsall over the world

CÂU HỎI 13 – INCOME

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ “increased” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Moore’s increased incomemakes it possible for him to do more ambitious sculptures

The boost to his incomeenabled him to take on ambitious projects and start working on the scale he felt his sculpture demanded

Questions

14 – 20

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Match the correct number, i-x, with boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

Section A

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

iii. From initial inspiration to new product

Section B

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

vi. Cleaning water from a range of sources

Section C

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

v. What makes the device different from alternatives

Section D

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

x. The number of people affected by water shortages

Section E

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

iv. The range of potential customers for the device

Section F

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

viii. Profit not the primary goal

Section G

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

i. Getting the finance for production

Giải thích đáp án

PARAGRAPH A – HEADING (iii) Chú ý tới từ khóa “initial inspiration” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
From initial inspiration to new product	Traveling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, where energy from the sun was absorbed by a plate and then used to heat water for domestic use. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water
DỊCH NGHĨA
Từ cảm hứng ban đầu đến sản phẩm mới
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến Cảm hứng (impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems) Sản phẩm mới (a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water)

PARAGRAPH B – HEADING (vi) Chú ý tới từ khóa “Cleaning water” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Cleaning water from a range of sources	The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. It is particularly valuable in regions where natural groundwater reserves have been polluted, or where seawater is the only water source available
DỊCH NGHĨA
Làm sạch nước từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến các nơi làm sạch nước (purify) the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain

PARAGRAPH C – HEADING (v) Chú ý tới từ khóa “What makes the device different” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
What makes the device different from alternatives	The Desolenator can produce 15 liters of drinking water per day, enough to sustain a family for cooking and drinking. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and it is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels….
DỊCH NGHĨA
Điều gì làm cho thiết bị khác với các lựa chọn thay thế
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến nhiều tính năng vượt trội của thiết bị Desolenator như: Cung cấp đủ nước dùng sinh hoạt (produce 15 liters of drinking water per day, enough to sustain a family for cooking and drinking) Dễ dàng di chuyển (it is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels) Sử dụng năng lượng mặt trời (just sunlight)

PARAGRAPH D – HEADING (x) Chú ý tới từ khóa “water shortages” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The number of people affected by water shortages	A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. Janssen says that in 2030 half of the world’s population will be living with water stress – where the demand exceeds the supply over a certain period of time
DỊCH NGHĨA
Số người bị ảnh hưởng bởi tình trạng thiếu nước
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến Số người bị ảnh hưởng bởi thiếu nước (at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year.) Tình trạng trong tương lai ( in 2030 half of the world’s population will be living with water stress)

PARAGRAPH E – HEADING (iv) Chú ý tới từ khóa “ potential customers” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The range of potential customers for the device	The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in rural parts of the US.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Phạm vi khách hàng tiềm năng cho thiết bị
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến Khách hàng tiềm năng (homeowners in the developing world), (people living off the grid in rural parts of the US)

PARAGRAPH F – HEADING (viii) Chú ý tới từ khóa “profit” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Profit not the primary goal	Prices will vary according to where it is bought. In the developing world, the price will depend on what deal aid organizations can negotiate. In developed countries, it is likely to come in at $1,000 (£685) a unit, said Janssen. ‘We are a venture with a social mission
DỊCH NGHĨA
Lợi nhuận không phải là mục tiêu hàng đầu
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến Giá cả tùy vào các quốc gia phân phối (the price will depend on what deal aid organizations can negotiate) => không quá quan trọng về giá bán Janssen cho rằng công ty anh là một liên doanh với sứ mệnh xã hội, cho một xã hội tốt hơn (We are a venture with a social mission)

PARAGRAPH G – HEADING (i) Chú ý tới từ khóa “Getting the finance” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Getting the finance for production	The company itself is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief executive, still lives in the UAE. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. Within two years, he says, the company aims to be selling 1,000 units a month, mainly in the humanitarian field. They are expected to be sold in areas such as Australia, northern Chile, Peru, Texas and California
DỊCH NGHĨA
Nhận tài chính để sản xuất
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến Công ty được nhận tài trợ ở London (It has raised £340,000 in funding so far.)

Questions

21 – 26

Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.

How the Desolenator works

The energy required to operate the Desolenator comes from sunlight. The device can be used in different locations, as it has 21

. Water is fed into a pipe, and a 22

of water flows over a solar panel. The water then enters a boiler, where it turns into steam. Any particles in the water are caught in a 23

. The purified water comes out through one tube, and all types of 24

come out through another. A screen displays the 25

of the device, and transmits the information to the company so that they know when the Desolenator requires 26

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 21 – WHEELS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “has” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The device can be used in different locations, as it has wheels

It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and it easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels

CÂU HỎI 22 – FILM

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau mạo từ “a” ⇒ cần điền danh từ số ít

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Water is fed into a pipe, and a film

Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin filmbetween a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel

CÂU HỎI 23 – FILTER

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau mạo từ “a” ⇒ cần điền danh từ số ít

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The water then enters a boiler, where it turns into steam. Any particles in the water are caught in a filter

When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filterto trap particles, and this can easily be shaken to remove them

CÂU HỎI 24 – WASTE

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau cụm từ “all types of” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The purified water comes out through one tube, and all types of wastecome out through another.

There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste– salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and another for the distilled water

CÂU HỎI 25 – PERFORMANCE

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau mạo từ “the” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The energy required to operate the Desolenator comes from sunlight. A screen displays the performanceof the device, and transmits the information to the company so that they know when the Desolenator requires servicing

The performanceof the unit is shown on an LCD screen

CÂU HỎI 26 – SERVICING

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “requires” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

A screen displays the performance of the device, and transmits the information to the company so that they know when the Desolenator requires servicing

and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary

Questions

27 – 31

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

In fairy tales, details of the plot

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

C. show considerable global variation.

Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fairy tales

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

B. are the reason for their survival.

Various theories about the social significance of fairy tales

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

F. have been developed without factual basis.

Insights into the development of fairy tales

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

A. may be provided through methods used in biological research.

All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

E. were originally spoken rather than written.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 27 – CONSIDERABLE GLOBAL VARIATION

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

In fairy tales, details of the plot show considerable global variation.

People of every culture tell each other fairy tales but the same story often takes a variety of forms in different parts of the world.

CÂU HỎI 28 – REASON FOR THEIR SURVIVAL

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fairy tales are the reason for their survival.

CÂU HỎI 29 – DEVELOPED WITHOUT FACTUAL BASIS

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Various theories about the social significance of fairy tales have been developed without factual basis.

‘We have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history and prehistory of storytelling, despite the fact that we know this genre is anincredibly ancientone,’ he says. That hasn’t stopped anthropologists, folklorists* and other academics devising theories to explain the importance of fairy tales in human society. Now Tehrani has found a way to test these ideas, borrowing a technique from evolutionary biologists

CÂU HỎI 30 – METHOD USED IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Insights into the development of fairy tales may be provided through methods used in biological research.	To work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of organisms, biologists compare the characteristics of living species in a process called ‘phylogenetic analysis’.Tehrani has used the same approach to compare related versions of fairy tales to discover how they have evolved and which elements have survived longest

CÂU HỎI 31 – ORIGINALLY SPOKEN RATHER THAN WRITTEN

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

All the fairy tales analyzed by Tehrani were originally spoken rather than written.

Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions

Questions

32 – 36

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below. Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

Phylogenetic analysis of Little Red Riding Hood Tehrani used techniques from evolutionary biology to find out if 32

existed among 58 stories from around the world. He also wanted to know which aspects of the stories had fewest 33

, as he believed these aspects would be the most important ones. Contrary to other beliefs, he found that some 34

that were included in a story tended to change over time, and that the middle of a story seemed no more important than the other parts. He was also surprised that parts of a story which seemed to provide some sort of 35

were unimportant. The aspect that he found most important in a story’s survival was 36

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 32 – (D) LINKS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước động từ “existed ” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Tehrani used techniques from evolutionary biology to find out if links existed among 58 stories from around the world.

Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related

CÂU HỎI 33 – (F) VARIATIONS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ hơn nhất “fewest” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

He also wanted to know which aspects of the stories had fewest variations, as he believed these aspects would be the most important ones.

He used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time

CÂU HỎI 34 – (B) EVENTS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau từ hạn định “some” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Contrary to other beliefs, he found that some eventsthat were included in a story tended to change over time, and that the middle of a story seemed no more important than the other parts.

CÂU HỎI 35 – (C) WARNING

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau cụm từ “some sort of” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

He was also surprised that parts of a story which seemed to provide some sort of warningwere unimportant.

Studies on hunter-gatherer folk tales suggest that these narratives include really important information about the environment and the possible dangersthat may be faced there – stuff that’s relevant to survival,’ he says.

CÂU HỎI 36 – (G) HORROR

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ tobe “was” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The aspect that he found most important in a story’s survival was horror

The answer, it would appear, is fear – blood-thirsty and gruesomeaspects of the story, such as the eating of the grandmother by the wolf, turned out to be the best preserved of all.

Questions

37 – 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37
What method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fairy tales?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
He compared oral and written forms of the same stories.
B
He looked at many different forms of the same basic story.
C
He looked at unrelated stories from many different countries.
D
He contrasted the development of fairy tales with that of living creatures.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 37 – PARAGRAPH 4
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
What method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fairy tales? A He compared oral and written forms of the same stories. B He looked at many different forms of the same basic story. C He looked at unrelated stories from many different countries. D He contrasted the development of fairy tales with that of living creatures.	Tehrani’s analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids
DỊCH NGHĨA
Jamie Tehrani đã sử dụng phương pháp nào để kiểm tra ý tưởng của mình về truyện cổ tích? A Ông đã so sánh các hình thức truyền miệng và bằng văn bản của những câu chuyện giống nhau. B Anh ấy đã xem xét nhiều dạng khác nhau của cùng một câu chuyện cơ bản. C Anh ấy đã xem xét những câu chuyện không liên quan đến từ nhiều quốc gia khác nhau. D Anh ấy đã đối chiếu sự phát triển của	Phân tích của Tehrani tập trung vào Cô bé quàng khăn đỏ dưới nhiều hình thức, bao gồm một câu chuyện cổ tích phương Tây khác có tên The Wolf and the Kids
Loại đáp án A vì ông ý đã phân tích 58 câu chuyện được truyền miệng không phải so sánh Loại đáp án C vì ông ấy kiểm tra các câu chuyện giống nhau ở các quốc gia khác nhau Loại đáp án D vì ông có so sánh sự phát triển của truyện cổ tích nhưng bài khóa không đề cập tới sinh vật sống

38
When discussing Tehrani’s views, Jack Zipes suggests that
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
Tehrani ignores key changes in the role of women.
B
stories which are too horrific are not always taken seriously.
C
Tehrani overemphasises the importance of violence in stories.
D
features of stories only survive if they have a deeper significance.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 38 – PARAGRAPH 9
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
When discussing Tehrani’s views, Jack Zipes suggests that A Tehrani ignores key changes in the role of women. B stories which are too horrific are not always taken seriously. C Tehrani overemphasizes the importance of violence in stories. D features of stories only survive if they have a deeper significance.	Jack Zipes at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, is unconvinced by Tehrani’s views on fairy tales. ‘Even if they’re gruesome, they won’t stick unless they matter,’ he says. He believes the perennial theme of women as victims in stories like Little Red Riding Hood explains why they continue to feel relevant
DỊCH NGHĨA
Khi thảo luận về quan điểm của Tehrani, Jack Zipes gợi ý rằng Một Tehrani bỏ qua những thay đổi quan trọng trong vai trò của phụ nữ. Những câu chuyện quá khủng khiếp không phải lúc nào cũng được coi trọng. C Tehrani nhấn mạnh quá mức tầm quan trọng của bạo lực trong các câu chuyện. D Các đặc điểm của câu chuyện chỉ tồn tại nếu chúng có ý nghĩa sâu sắc hơn.	Jack Zipes tại Đại học Minnesota, Minneapolis, không bị thuyết phục bởi quan điểm của Tehrani về truyện cổ tích. “Ngay cả khi chúng khủng khiếp, chúng sẽ không dính vào trừ khi chúng quan trọng”, anh nói. Anh ấy tin rằng chủ đề lâu dài về phụ nữ là nạn nhân trong những câu chuyện như Cô bé quàng khăn đỏ giải thích tại sao họ tiếp tục cảm thấy có liên quan
Loại đáp án A vì bài khóa chỉ đề cập tới vai trò của người phụ nữ trong truyện chứ không hề nói về ý kiến của Tehrani Loại đáp án B vì Jack cho rằng dù câu chuyện có rùng rợn thì nếu ẩn chứa một ý nghĩa, vẫn sẽ trường tồn Loại đáp án C vì bài khóa không nhắc tới quan điểm của Tehrani về bạo lực mà là sự rùng rợn đáng sợ của câu chuyện

39
Why does Tehrani refer to Chinese and Japanese fairy tales?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
to indicate that Jack Zipes’ theory is incorrect
B
to suggest that crime is a global problem
C
to imply that all fairy tales have a similar meaning
D
to add more evidence for Jack Zipes’ ideas

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 39 – PARAGRAPH 9
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Why does Tehrani refer to Chinese and Japanese fairy tales? A to indicate that Jack Zipes’ theory is incorrect B to suggest that crime is a global problem C to imply that all fairy tales have a similar meaning D to add more evidence for Jack Zipes’ ideas	But Tehrani points out that although this is often the case in Western versions, it is not always true elsewhere. In Chinese and Japanese versions, often known as The Tiger Grandmother, the villain is a woman, and in both Iran and Nigeria, the victim is a boy
DỊCH NGHĨA
Tại sao Tehrani đề cập đến những câu chuyện cổ tích của Trung Quốc và Nhật Bản? A để chỉ ra rằng lý thuyết của Jack Zipes là không chính xác B để gợi ý rằng tội phạm là một vấn đề toàn cầu C để ngụ ý rằng tất cả các câu chuyện cổ tích đều có một ý nghĩa giống nhau D để thêm bằng chứng cho ý tưởng của Jack Zipes	Nhưng Tehrani chỉ ra rằng mặc dù điều này thường xảy ra trong các phiên bản phương Tây, nó không phải lúc nào cũng đúng ở những nơi khác. Trong phiên bản tiếng Trung và tiếng Nhật, thường được gọi là Bà nội hổ, kẻ thủ ác là một phụ nữ, và ở cả Iran và Nigeria, nạn nhân là một cậu bé
Loại đáp án B vì thông tin không hề được nhắc tới trong bài khóa. Loại đáp án C vì ông nhắc tới câu chuyện ở Trung Quốc và Nhật Bản để cho thấy sự khác biệt về nội dung truyện giữa các nước không phải nêu ý nghĩa Loại đáp án D vì ông đề cập tới câu chuyện ở Trung Quốc và Nhật Bản để chứng minh ý kiến của Jack Zipes là sai

40
What does Mathias Clasen believe about fairy tales?
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
They are a safe way of learning to deal with fear.
B
They are a type of entertainment that some people avoid.
C
They reflect the changing values of our society.
D
They reduce our ability to deal with real-world problems.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 40 – PARAGRAPH 10
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
40 What does Mathias Clasen believe about fairy tales? A They are a safe way of learning to deal with fear. B They are a type of entertainment that some people avoid. C They reflect the changing values of our society. D They reduce our ability to deal with real-world problems.	Clasen believes that scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real danger, and so build up resistance to negative emotions
DỊCH NGHĨA
Mathias Clasen tin gì về truyện cổ tích? A Chúng là một cách học an toàn để đối phó với nỗi sợ hãi. B Chúng là một loại hình giải trí mà một số người tránh. C Chúng phản ánh những giá trị đang thay đổi của xã hội chúng ta. D Chúng làm giảm khả năng giải quyết các vấn đề trong thế giới thực của chúng ta.	Clasen tin rằng những câu chuyện đáng sợ dạy cho chúng ta cảm giác sợ hãi mà không cần phải trải qua nguy hiểm thực sự và do đó xây dựng khả năng chống lại những cảm xúc tiêu cực
Loại đáp án B vì bài khóa cho rằng con người quan tâm, tìm kiếm những chương trình giải trí rùng rợn Loại đáp án C vì thông tin không hề được nhắc tới trong bài khóa. Loại đáp án D vì thông tin không hề được nhắc tới trong bài khóa.

IELTS Handbook 15 – Test 3 – R