Strategies for the IELTS 2 - Test 5 - R - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Wooden Buildings

Using wood as a construction material for large buildings is an ancient practice. The 67-metre high Sakyamuni Pagoda in China was constructed in 1056, while Japan's Horyu-ji Temple is even older, dating from the 7th or 8th century. That these magnificent structures have survived for over a thousand years is evidence of wood's strength and durability as a building material. Still today, 80% of houses in the USA are built of wood. In Australia the proportion is slightly smaller since stone is also a popular choice, particularly in the southern states, while in New Zealand the figure is more like 85%. Certainly, there are problems associated with wooden constructions: wood can rot when exposed to water and is said to be a fire risk. However, with modern technology these issues can be eliminated, which has led to a dramatic renewal of interest in wood as a building material in recent years.

Today, architects and engineers recognise the potential of wood not only for private homes but also for larger multi-storey offices and apartment blocks. In 2015, a 52.8- metre wooden tower block was constructed in Norway, then a world record for an apartment block, but this was soon surpassed by a 53-metre student dormitory at the University of British Columbia in Canada. Then came the 84-metre HoHo building in Vienna, home to a hotel, offices and apartments. Although the HoHo building has a concrete core, most of the structure as well as the floors are built of wood. Many of these advances have been made possible by research at the Technical Institute in Graz, Austria, where new engineering systems based on wood construction have been pioneered.

A good example of these techniques is found at the Wood Innovation and Design Centre at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada. The first stage in the construction of the building saw large planks of Douglas fir being fastened to one another with glue, which these days can be stronger than nails or screws. This produced large heavy sheets of wooden material; these became the basic structural components for the building. These sheets then had to be precision cut to create the thousands of columns and beams necessary-the team employed lasers for this purpose. Once the cutting work was complete, all the wooden components were taken to the site for assembly. The building was constructed one storey at a time, layer upon layer, not unlike the system used to make a large cake. Once the eighth and final storey was completed, the building reached a height of 30 metres and became a notable landmark in its neighbourhood.

And, of course, one of the great advantages of wood comes at the end of a building's life, in around 100 years' time. When the Wood Innovation and Design Centre eventually has to be demolished, it will be possible for its principal building material to be recycled, which is not usually practical with steel or concrete.

Other significant wooden buildings are to be found in locations around the world. Perhaps not surprisingly, given that the Horyu-ji Temple may be the oldest large wooden building in the world, Japanese engineers are at the forefront of this process. One thing that has been learned from maintaining the Horyu-ji Temple over many centuries is that it is often simpler to make major repairs to wooden structures than to those made of concrete and steel. Until quite recently, regulations in Japan have made the construction of very large wooden structures difficult. However, in recognition of new technologies, these are being relaxed by the government, with the result that ever more ambitious projects are being announced. Perhaps the most radical example is the proposed Sumitomo Tower, a skyscraper of 70 storeys to be built largely of wood in central Tokyo; its completion date is 2041.

Because wood is more flexible than steel, it has great potential in countries prone to earthquakes, such as Japan and New Zealand. Engineers in New Zealand believe that wood construction can significantly improve building safety in the event of a natural disaster, as has been demonstrated at the new Wynn Williams House. The wood has been left exposed inside the house to showcase how this type of construction provides attractive interiors as well. Another advantage of wood is that it is so light, particularly when compared to steel and concrete. In Australia, the benefits of light weight have been taken advantage of in the city of Melbourne, where a large wooden library has been constructed directly beside water, on land so soft that a heavier building would have been impossible. Furthermore, wood is advantageous even in extreme climates. In Finland, where winter temperatures can fall to -30°C, wood provides all the load-bearing structures for the Puukuokka Block, but also guarantees excellent heat insulation as well.

As wood construction technologies continue to develop, it seems probable that architects and engineers will dream up ever more uses for this practical, flexible and beautiful building material.

Questions

1 – 7

Questions 1-4. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this

1
More houses are built of wood in Australia than in the USA.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

2
There are solutions to the problems of building with wood.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

3
Several different species of tree were used to construct the HoHo building.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

4
Research at the Technical Institute in Graz improved wooden building technology.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Questions

8 – 13

Questions 5-8. Complete the flow-chart below. Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Chỗ trống 8

Chỗ trống 9

Chỗ trống 10

Chỗ trống 11

Chỗ trống 12

Chỗ trống 13

Questions 9-13. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Other Significant Wooden BuildingsJAPAN – Experience with the Horyu-ji Temple proves that 1

are easier with wood. – New technologies and new 2

make large buildings such as the Sumitomo Tower possible.OTHER COUNTRIES – Wynn Williams House in New Zealand is earthquake-proof and is an example of how wooden buildings can have 3

– Wood is so light that a new library in Australia was built right next to 4

– Finland’s Puukuokka Block illustrates that wood provides good 5

In addition to structural strength.

PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Artificial Intelligence in Sport

The first sports game was televised in the USA more than fifty years ago. Over the following decades television provided sports coaches with a wealth of information to analyse. By viewing recordings, they could study the number of passes received, tackles avoided, distances covered, speeds achieved and a host of other factors relating to the performance of their teams or athletes. Most of this data, though, consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context. However, the use of artificial intelligence (Al) is now enabling an alternative approach to coaching. Al means the development of computer systems that can perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence, such as decision making. Increasingly, computers are being trained to understand the rules and objectives of sports so they can coach more directly. Al can analyse not only a player's actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players. Sports scientists believe that Al is revolutionising sports coaching by analysing patterns of behaviour in ways simply not possible before.

There may be limitless ways in which Al technology can be developed, but certain practical applications are already apparent. Recently, a research experiment was conducted into the Spanish football league using an Al algorithm to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams. The research revealed that two teams, Barcelona and Real Madrid, had more than 150 recurring passing patterns. However, the algorithm detected just 31 passing patterns used by Atletico Madrid. All of Atletico's other plays were one-offs that were never repeated, and the team won the league that season. One conclusion seems to be that teams with a less predictable style of play win more games. What's more, according to Dr Johann Muller, a sports scientist who has studied the Spanish research findings, the number of injuries a team suffers increases when they play in a style that prioritises offence.

Since then, there has been a great deal of interest in the potential of Al. Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. 'Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,' says Professor Graves, 'but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form. Once this was largely guesswork but now it can be achieved with some confidence! The expense of Al technology means it will probably remain beyond the reach of all but elite teams, but among this group the implications are enormous. Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised, based on an individual's particular strengths and weaknesses.

Part of the appeal of Al lies in its versatility. Ice hockey coaches in Finland are using Al to analyse the success of different plays. An Indian company has employed wearable technology developed in other fields to analyse stride patterns. This analysis has allowed its technicians to develop sneakers in various styles aimed at both long- and short- distance runners. Coaching practices in professional basketball, American football and tennis are also being transformed by Al. In addition, the technology has applications in highly technical sports such as car racing. Coaches involved in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) believe that Al algorithms not only help drivers go faster but also enhance the safety of the sport because of their ability to monitor and predict potential problems.

Al doesn't get tired, has extraordinary powers of vision, particularly for objects moving at speed, and is capable of making complex calculations very quickly. For all these reasons Al is increasingly being used in the high-pressure world of judging gymnastics performances. Research has shown that, particularly over a whole day's worth of events, computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score. However, computer scientist Henri Simeonson has been quick to warn about some potential difficulties. In particular, Simeonson is concerned that AI is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.

It should not be forgotten, either, that many sports stars and sports teams are commercially dependent on their fans. If sufficient supporters do not buy tickets to games or pay to view a recording, the teams might struggle to survive. But now teams and stars are making increasing use of chatbots and other 'virtual assistants' to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players. Another innovation is seen in Minor League Baseball in the USA, which is promoting the sport and seeking new fans with the use of Al-enhanced journalism. In this way baseball is keeping supporters informed with all the up to the minute developments in ways not possible with more traditional approaches. Analysts believe these sorts of initiatives are crucial to increasing a player or team's revenue stream. It's just one more way that sports stand to benefit from Al technologies, on and off the field.

Questions

14 – 18

Questions 14-19. Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of headings
i Al can improve the profitability of sporting businesses
ii Responses to criticisms of Al in sports coaching
iii A contrast between coaching today and in the past
iv An academic outlines some of the advantages of Al in sport
v The businesses responsible for creating Al software
vi The use of Al to decide the results of a competition
vii An academic study into a team sport in one country
viii The uses of Al in coaching a range of different sports

Paragraph A

Paragraph B

Paragraph C

Paragraph D

Paragraph E

Paragraph F

Questions

19 – 22

Questions 20 and 21. The list below gives some ways coaches could use Al. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves?

7
8
A
speeding up analysis of data
B
personalising training programmes
C
improving mental toughness
D
reducing cost of sports coaching
E
identifying opponents’ game plans

Questions

23 – 26

Questions 22-26. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Signs that someone is lyingIt is commonly claimed that people who are lying will avoid making eye contact with others and will 23

a lot. Many researchers now disagree with these claims. Instead they analyse the way people tell their stories. For example, liars tend to offer fewer 24

than people who are telling the truth. However, each 25

of their story seems to be in order, because they have carefully planned what they want to say. And contrary to what many people believe, liars often remain 26

as they lie, perhaps in the belief that they will come across as more confident than they really are.

PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

The Influence of the Crime Writer Agatha Christie

Crime fiction books, in which detectives hunt for the perpetrators of crimes, have been popular with readers for many decades - so popular, in fact, that at a recent London Book Fair sales of the genre overtook general fiction for the first time ever, a development that had been widely anticipated. Commercial success, of course, does not impress everyone and there are those who believe crime fiction should not be held in such high regard. Prominent in this group is Sebastian Franklin, who has argued that most crime fiction books better resemble crossword puzzles than literature. His view is shared by other literary critics. However, increasingly this is a minority opinion as crime fiction becomes recognised around the world as a rich and dynamic literary genre in its own right.

Crime writing really came to prominence in the 1920s and 30s with the books of the British author Agatha Christie, and to a slightly lesser extent the American James M. Cain. Agatha Christie was a prolific writer, publishing more than 60 detective novels over a 50-year period, beginning in 1920. However, the majority of the general public have never picked up one of her books and are more familiar with Christie from the numerous adaptations of her work for films. The colourful locations around the world where Christie set many of her stories were not fictional depictions, but were informed by her extensive travels, on the Orient Express train, to Cairo and the River Nile, and elsewhere. Her memoir, Come, Tell Me How You Live, published in 1946, is a non-fiction account of these real-life travels, so is unique among Christie's publications. Success brought Christie considerable wealth and international fame, though she never lost her appetite for work, continuing writing and publishing until shortly before her death in 1976.

Without doubt there are certain elements that tend to be repeated in Christie's books. The stories generally revolve around a well-off if not aristocratic circle of people, whose privileged lives are thrown into chaos by an unexplained crime. What's more, the location is often a confined space of some sort: a train, an island, a boat, an isolated house or a village. This is quite different, for example, to the world of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, who often has as his hunting ground the entire city of London. But the influence of Christie's sheltered, secluded locations has been immense, for they have been used in countless television series ever since.

The writer Michael Utley argues that Christie's characters lack depth and are not convincing people we can believe in. This is a not infrequent complaint, but it is quite untrue. Christie was a perceptive observer of human nature and psychology and she put the traits of people she knew into many of her fictional characters. Part of the reason her appeal has been so widespread is that she wrote about human relationship s in a way so many of us can relate to. Her very first book, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, features the amateur detective Hercule Poirot. Poirot and Miss Marple are Christie's two best known and most frequently imitated characters precisely because they are so well drawn and believable. Further evidence of Christie's ability at characterisation was provided by a recent survey. The survey asked readers to identify the villain revealed in the final pages of Christie's sixteenth book, Murder on the Orient Express. Most readers could not recall, because for them the really important aspect of the book had been the interplay between the characters, not the outcome. The truth is that Christie's characters were one of her greatest achievements as a writer.

The books are also action-packed, no less so than today's most popular thrillers. Christie mastered the art of the page-turner: events unfold so quickly and unpredictably that we keep reading to find out what happens next. The most significant consequence is that it is so simple to overlook vital clues. It is worth reading a Christie book a second time just to notice how carefully she hides crucial information about the criminal's identity. It was there all along, but we just fail to see it because she has created such tension and so many exciting distractions.

Attempts to retell Christie's stories in contemporary times have largely been unsuccessful; they work best in their original early twentieth-century settings and cannot accommodate mobile phones, computers and DNA analysis. But that does not mean her influence has come to an end. Indeed, a new generation of global crime writers is emerging in nations as diverse as Brazil, Singapore, South Korea, India and Nigeria, to name but five. And though each new writer adds something of their own, they all employ conventions first established by Christie. If we take just one of her books, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, we find near perfect examples of conventions that are still used today: tight plotting, clever sub-plots, unexpected twists, perceptive characterisation. Perhaps this is why Christie herself is believed to have ranked The Murder of Roger Ackroyd above all her other work. Certainly, the digital revolution has transformed, crime fighting. But a survey of contemporary crime writing shows that Agatha Christie's legacy is more important now than at any time previously, at the very point when crime writing has become the most popular of all book genres.

Questions

27 – 30

Questions 27-32. Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet, write

YES If the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO If the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

27
Sales of crime fiction were surprisingly high at a recent London Book Fair.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

28
Literary critics such as Sebastian Franklin think that crime fiction is overrated.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

29
Agatha Christie and James M. Cain admired each other’s writing.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

30
Most people know about Christie from films rather than books.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

9
Christie’s descriptions of international locations were based on her own experience.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

10
Christie enjoyed the wealth and fame she achieved through writing.
A
Yes
B
No
C
Not Given

Questions

31 – 36

Questions 33-36. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

31
What is the writer doing in the third paragraph?
A
discussing one weakness of Christie’s style
B
identifying a writer who influenced Christie
C
contrasting different techniques Christie used
D
listing some features of a typical Christie story

32
The writer refers to Michael Utley in order to
A
reject a common criticism of Christie’s books.
B
compare two of Christie’s better-known books.
C
explain the conclusion of one of Christie’s books.
D
suggest that each of Christie’s books was different.

33
What point does the writer make about Christie’s writing style in the fifth paragraph?
A
Occasionally, the stories do not make sense.
B
Little happens compared to modern stories.
C
Important evidence is very easy to miss.
D
Some unnecessary details are included.

34
What does the writer conclude about Christie in the final paragraph?
A
Her influence is slowly beginning to decrease.
B
She is more influential today than ever before.
C
One book was more influential than the others.
D
She has only influenced writers in certain countries

Questions

37 – 40

Questions 37-40. Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

A is an example of a book disliked by many critics.
B has sold more copies than her other books.
C has illustrated the fact that readers cannot remember the ending.
D was Christie's own favourite from among her books for good reasons.
E is different from all of her other books.
F introduced one of her most famous and most often copied characters.

Christie’s book Come, Tell Me How You Live,

Christie’s first book, The Mysterious Affair at Styles

Christie’s sixteenth book, Murder on the Orient Express

The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, published in 1926,

Questions

1 – 4

Questions 1-4. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this

1
More houses are built of wood in Australia than in the USA.
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 1 – FALSE Chú ý tới từ khóa “Australia”, “USA” để tìm được Paragraph 1 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
More houses are built of wood in Australia than in the USA.	Still today, 80% of houses in the USA are built of wood. In Australia the proportion is slightly smaller since stone is also a popular choice, particularly in the southern states, while in New Zealand the figure is more like 85%.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Ở Úc, nhiều ngôi nhà được xây bằng gỗ hơn ở Mỹ.	Ngày nay, 80% ngôi nhà ở Mỹ được xây bằng gỗ. Ở Úc, tỉ lệ này nhỏ hơn một chút vì đá cũng là một sự lựa chọn phổ biến, đặc biệt là ở các bang phía nam, trong khi ở New Zealand, con số này khoảng 85%.
Giải thích: Trong bài khóa đề cập đến con số 80% – tỉ lệ nhà được xây bằng gỗ ở Mỹ và so sánh với Úc (ở Úc tỷ lệ nhà gỗ nhỏ hơn do đá cũng được sử dụng nhiều để xây nhà) => Ở Úc, ít ngôi nhà được xây bằng gỗ hơn ở Mỹ => Trái ngược với thông tin trong câu hỏi => FALSE

2
There are solutions to the problems of building with wood.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 2 – TRUE Chú ý tới từ khóa “solutions to problems of building with wood” để tìm được Paragraph 1 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
There are solutions to the problems of building with wood.	Certainly, there are problems associated with wooden constructions: wood can rot when exposed to water and is said to be a fire risk. However, with modern technology these issues can be eliminated, which has led to a dramatic renewal of interest in wood as a building material in recent years.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Có những giải pháp cho các vấn đề khi xây dựng bằng gỗ.	Chắc chắn rằng, có những vấn đề liên quan đến các công trình xây dựng bằng gỗ: gỗ có thể bị mục khi tiếp xúc với nước và có nguy cơ dẫn đến hỏa hoạn. Tuy nhiên, với công nghệ hiện đại, những vấn đề này có thể được loại bỏ, cho nên nó đã dẫn đến sự đổi mới đáng kể về mối quan tâm đến việc sử dụng gỗ làm vật liệu xây dựng trong những năm gần đây.
Giải thích: Trong bài khóa đề cập đến công nghệ hiện đại giúp loại bỏ những vấn đề khi xây dựng bằng gỗ hay đây chính là giải pháp cho việc xây dựng bằng gỗ => Trùng khớp với thông tin trong câu hỏi => TRUE

3
Several different species of tree were used to construct the HoHo building.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 3 – NOT GIVEN Chú ý tới từ khóa “HoHo building” để tìm được Paragraph 2 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Several different species of tree were used to construct the HoHo building.	Then came the 84-metre HoHo building in Vienna, home to a hotel, offices and apartments. Although the HoHo building has a concrete core, most of the structure as well as the floors are built of wood.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Một số loại cây khác nhau được sử dụng để xây tòa nhà HoHo.	Sau đó là tòa nhà HoHo cao 84 mét ở Vienna, bên trong có một khách sạn, có cả khu văn phòng và căn hộ. Mặc dù tòa nhà HoHo có phần lõi bằng bê tông, nhưng phần lớn kết cấu cũng như sàn nhà đều được xây dựng bằng gỗ.
Giải thích: Trong bài khóa chỉ đề cập đến kết cấu cũng như sàn nhà của tòa HoHo phần lớn được xây bằng gỗ, mà không nhắc đến những loại cây được dùng để xây dựng lên tòa nhà => Thông tin trong câu hỏi không xuất hiện trong bài => NOT GIVEN

4
Research at the Technical Institute in Graz improved wooden building technology.
Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này
A
True
B
False
C
Not Given

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 4 – TRUE Chú ý tới từ khóa “Technical Institute in Graz” để tìm được Paragraph 2 chứa câu trả lời.
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Research at the Technical Institute in Graz improved wooden building technology.	Many of these advances have been made possible by research at the Technical Institute in Graz, Austria, where new engineering systems based on wood construction have been pioneered.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Nghiên cứu tại Viện Kỹ thuật ở Graz đã cải tiến công nghệ xây dựng bằng gỗ.	Nhiều sự cải tiến được thực hiện nhờ cuộc nghiên cứu tại Viện Kỹ thuật ở Graz, Áo, nơi tiên phong xây dựng những hệ thống kỹ thuật mới dựa trên việc xây dựng bằng gỗ.
Giải thích: Trong bài khóa đề cập đến nghiên cứu tại Viện Kỹ thuật ở Graz, Áo đã đi đầu trong việc xây dựng hệ thống kỹ thuật mới, góp phần cải tiến công cuộc xây dựng bằng gỗ => Trùng khớp với thông tin trong câu hỏi => TRUE

Questions

5 – 8

Questions 5-8. Complete the flow-chart below. Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Chỗ trống 5

Chỗ trống 6

Chỗ trống 7

Chỗ trống 8

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 5 – GLUE

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “using” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Building the Wood Innovation and Design Centre Wooden planks were joined together using glue.

CÂU HỎI 6 – LASERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng đầu câu, trước động từ to be “were” ⇒ cần điền danh từ số nhiều làm chủ ngữ trong câu

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Lasers were then used to cut this material accurately

These sheets then had to be precision cut to create the thousands of columns and beams necessary – the team employed lasers for this purpose.

CÂU HỎI 7 – CAKE

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau mạo từ “a” ⇒ cần điền danh từ số ít

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The building was constructed in the same way a cake is put together.

The building was constructed one storey at a time, layer upon layer, not unlike the system used to make a large cake.

CÂU HỎI 8 – RECYCLED

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau “be” ⇒ cần điền tính từ hoặc V-ed/V3 (dạng bị động)

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

In about 100 years’ time, the wood can be recycled.

This produced large heavy sheets of wooden material; these became the basic structural components for the building. And, of course, one of the great advantages of wood comes at the end of a building’s life, in around 100 years’ time. When the Wood Innovation and Design Centre eventually has to be demolished, it will be possible for its principal building material to be recycled, which is not usually practical with steel or concrete.

Questions

9 – 13

Questions 9-13. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Other Significant Wooden BuildingsJAPAN – Experience with the Horyu-ji Temple proves that 9

are easier with wood. – New technologies and new 10

make large buildings such as the Sumitomo Tower possible.OTHER COUNTRIES – Wynn Williams House in New Zealand is earthquake-proof and is an example of how wooden buildings can have 11

– Wood is so light that a new library in Australia was built right next to 12

– Finland’s Puukuokka Block illustrates that wood provides good 13

In addition to structural strength.

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 9 – (MAJOR) REPAIRS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước động từ to be “are” ⇒ cần điền danh từ số nhiều làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “that”

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Experience with the Horyu-ji Temple proves that (major) repairs are easier with wood.

One thing that has been learned from maintaining the Horyu-ji Temple over many centuries is that it is often simpler to make major repairs to wooden structures than to those made of concrete and steel.

CÂU HỎI 10 – REGULATIONS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ “new” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

New technologies and new regulations make large buildings such as the Sumitomo Tower possible.

Until quite recently, regulations in Japan have made the construction of very large wooden structures difficult. However, in recognition of new technologies, these are being relaxed by the government, with the result that ever more ambitious projects are being announced. Perhaps the most radical example is the proposed Sumitomo Tower, a skyscraper of 70 storeys to be built largely of wood in central Tokyo; its completion date is 2041.

CÂU HỎI 11 – ATTRACTIVE INTERIORS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “have” ⇒ cần điền danh từ/ cụm danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Wynn Williams House in New Zealand is earthquake-proof and is an example of how wooden buildings can have attractive interiors.

Engineers in New Zealand believe that wood construction can significantly improve building safety in the event of a natural disaster, as has been demonstrated at the new Wynn Williams House. The wood has been left exposed inside the house to showcase how this type of construction provides attractive interiors as well.

CÂU HỎI 12 – WATER

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau giới từ “next to” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Wood is so light that a new library in Australia was built right next to water.

In Australia, the benefits of light weight have been taken advantage of in the city of Melbourne, where a large wooden library has been constructed directly beside water, on land so soft that a heavier building would have been impossible.

CÂU HỎI 13 – HEAT (INSULATION)

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ “good” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Finland’s Puukuokka Block illustrates that wood provides good heat (insulation) in addition to structural strength.

In Finland, where winter temperatures can fall to -30°C, wood provides all the load-bearing structures for the Puukuokka Block, but also guarantees excellent heat insulation as well.

Questions

14 – 19

Questions 14-19. Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of headings
i Al can improve the profitability of sporting businesses
ii Responses to criticisms of Al in sports coaching
iii A contrast between coaching today and in the past
iv An academic outlines some of the advantages of Al in sport
v The businesses responsible for creating Al software
vi The use of Al to decide the results of a competition
vii An academic study into a team sport in one country
viii The uses of Al in coaching a range of different sports

Paragraph A

iii

Paragraph B

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

vii

Paragraph C

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Paragraph D

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

viii

Paragraph E

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Paragraph F

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Giải thích đáp án

PARAGRAPH A – HEADING III Chú ý tới từ khóa “coaching today and in the past” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
A contrast between coaching today and in the past	Over the following decades television provided sports coaches with a wealth of information to analyse… Most of this data, though, consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context. However, the use of artificial intelligence (Al) is now enabling an alternative approach to coaching. Al means the development of computer systems that can perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence, such as decision making. Increasingly, computers are being trained to understand the rules and objectives of sports so they can coach more directly. Al can analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Sự tương phản giữa cách huấn luyện ngày nay và trước đây
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn, người viết SO SÁNH cách huấn luyện trong thể thao trước đây và ngày nay: Trong những thập kỷ vừa qua: hầu hết dữ liệu mà các huấn luyện viên thể thao có được nhờ truyền hình đều chỉ gồm các số liệu thống kế đơn thuần mà không có bất kỳ bối cảnh cụ thể nào (consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context) Ngày nay (với trí tuệ nhân tạo – AI): xuất hiện một phương pháp huấn luyện thay thế (an alternative approach to coaching). Ngoài phân tích từng hành động của người chơi, AI còn liên hệ nó với bối cảnh thể thao rộng hơn, bao gồm những chỉ thị của huấn luyện viên cũng như hành động của những người chơi khác. (analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players) => Cách huấn luyện hiện nay với sự góp mặt của trí tuệ nhân tạo (mở rộng bối cảnh, phân tích cả những hành động của huấn luyện viên và người chơi khác) khác với cách huấn luyện trước đây (chỉ có số liệu đơn thuần mà không có bối cảnh cụ thể). => Heading: III

PARAGRAPH B – HEADING VII Chú ý tới từ khóa “a team sport in one country” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
An academic study into a team sport in one country	Recently, a research experiment was conducted into the Spanish football league using an Al algorithm to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams. The research revealed that two teams, Barcelona and Real Madrid, had more than 150 recurring passing patterns…
DỊCH NGHĨA
Nghiên cứu học thuật về một môn thể thao đồng đội ở một quốc gia
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến một thử nghiệm nghiên cứu ở giải bóng đá Tây Ban Nha (Spanish football league) sử dụng thuật toán AI để phân tích chiến lược chuyền bóng của 20 đội. => Heading: VII

PARAGRAPH C – HEADING IV Chú ý tới từ khóa “academic”, “ advantages of AI” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
An academic outlines some of the advantages of Al in sport	Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. ‘Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,’ says Professor Graves, ‘but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form…’ Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised, based on an individual’s particular strengths and weaknesses.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Một học giả vạch ra một số lợi thế của AI trong thể thao
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến những lợi ích của AI trong thể thao mà Giáo sư Rebecca Graves đã chỉ ra: Xác định khả năng thi đấu của một đội đối thủ dựa vào lối chơi trước đây (identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form) Điều chỉnh việc rèn luyện sức khỏe, phát triển kỹ năng, chế độ ăn uống (fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised) để phù hợp với từng người. => Heading: IV

PARAGRAPH D – HEADING VIII Chú ý tới từ khóa “AI in coaching different sports” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The uses of Al in coaching a range of different sports	Part of the appeal of Al lies in its versatility. Ice hockey coaches in Finland are using Al to analyse the success of different plays… Coaching practices in professional basketball, American football and tennis are also being transformed by Al. In addition, the technology has applications in highly technical sports such as car racing.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Việc sử dụng AI trong huấn luyện một loạt các môn thể thao khác nhau
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến tính linh hoạt của AI (versatility) hay việc sử dụng AI trong các môn thể thao khác nhau: Ice hockey in Finland, professional basketball, American football and tennis, car racing (Khúc côn cầu trên băng ở Phần Lan, bóng rổ chuyên nghiệp, bóng đá và quần vợt Mỹ, đua xe hơi.) => Heading: VIII

PARAGRAPH E – HEADING VI Chú ý tới từ khóa “decide the results of a competition” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The use of Al to decide the results of a competition	For all these reasons Al is increasingly being used in the high-pressure world of judging gymnastics performances. Research has shown that, particularly over a whole day’s worth of events, computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score. However, computer scientist Henri Simeonson has been quick to warn about some potential difficulties. In particular, Simeonson is concerned that Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Việc sử dụng AI để quyết định kết quả của một cuộc thi
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến việc sử dụng AI để đánh giá các màn đồng diễn thể dục dụng cụ (judging gymnastics performances). Mặt lợi: máy tính cũng đáng tin cậy như những người trọng tài khi cho điểm các vận động viên thể dục dụng cụ (computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score) Mặt hại: AI dễ bị tin tặc tấn công, gây ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của giải đấu (Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.) => AI quyết định kết quả của giải đấu (có thể đem lại kết quả đáng tin cậy như những trọng tài, nhưng cũng dễ bị tin tặc tấn công, làm sai lệch kết quả của cuộc thi). => Heading: VI

PARAGRAPH F – HEADING I Chú ý tới từ khóa “improve the profitability” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Al can improve the profitability of sporting businesses	But now teams and stars are making increasing use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players… Analysts believe these sorts of initiatives are crucial to increasing a player or team’s revenue stream. It’s just one more way that sports stand to benefit from Al technologies, on and off the field.
DỊCH NGHĨA
AI có thể nâng cao khả năng sinh lời của các doanh nghiệp thể thao
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến những sáng kiến về công nghệ như AI góp phần làm tăng nguồn thu nhập của người chơi cũng như đội chơi (increasing player or team’s revenue stream). Họ sử dụng chatbot và các “trợ lý ảo” nhằm cung cấp cho người hâm mộ những số liệu thống kê, tin tức và thông tin cơ bản về những vận động viên yêu thích của họ (making use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players), từ đó thu hút được sự thích thú của người xem, tạo ra nguồn doanh thu lớn cho các đội và những ngôi sao nổi tiếng. => Heading: I

Questions

20 – 21

Questions 20 and 21. The list below gives some ways coaches could use Al. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves?

20
21
A
speeding up analysis of data
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này
B
personalising training programmes
C
improving mental toughness
D
reducing cost of sports coaching
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này
E
identifying opponents’ game plans

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 20, 21 – PARAGRAPH C
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves? A. speeding up analysis of data B. personalising training programmes C. improving mental toughness D. reducing cost of sports coaching E. identifying opponents’ game plans	Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. ‘Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,’ says Professor Graves, ‘but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form. Once this was largely guesswork but now it can be achieved with some confidence.’ (=> E) The expense of Al technology means it will probably remain beyond the reach of all but elite teams, but among this group the implications are enormous. Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised, based on an individual’s particular strengths and weaknesses. (=> B)
DỊCH NGHĨA
HAI thứ nào trong số này được đề xuất bởi Giáo sư Rebecca Graves? A. đẩy nhanh tốc độ phân tích dữ liệu B. cá nhân hóa các chương trình đào tạo C. cải thiện cho tinh thần dẻo dai hơn D. giảm chi phí huấn luyện thể thao E. xác định chiến thuật thi đấu của đối thủ	Giáo sư giáo dục thể thao Rebecca Graves tin rằng AI có thể cung cấp cho các huấn luyện viên những hiểu biết vô giá. Giáo sư Graves nói: “Chiến thuật đã từng là những bí mật được giữ kín, nhưng giờ đây, một huấn luyện viên khi tiếp cận với AI có thể xác định khả năng thi đấu của một đội đối thủ dựa vào lối chơi trước đây. Điều này phần lớn chỉ là phỏng đoán trước đó, tuy nhiên bây giờ ta có thể xác định được nó với sự tự tin nhất định.” Chi phí sử dụng công nghệ AI có thể nằm ngoài tầm với của tất cả các đội, trừ những đội ưu tú, nhưng nó vẫn có tác động rất lớn lên số đó. Giáo sư Graves cho rằng AI cho phép việc chuẩn bị cho trận đấu được điều chỉnh sao cho phù hợp với từng người chơi với độ chính xác cao hơn. Bà nhận thấy rằng việc rèn luyện sức khỏe, phát triển kỹ năng, chế độ ăn uống cũng như những yếu tố khác có thể được điều chỉnh một cách tỉ mỉ, dựa trên những điểm mạnh và điểm yếu cụ thể của một cá nhân.
Loại đáp án A, C vì những thông tin này không được đề cập trong bài khóa. Loại đáp án D vì chi phí cho công nghệ AI không phải quá đắt đỏ đối với những đội ưu tú nên không cần giảm.

Questions

22 – 26

Questions 22-26. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

22. Analysis of Al data by Dr Johann Muller suggests that teams which play defensively have fewer 22

23. An Indian company has designed new 23

using AI technology. 24. The use of Al in NASCAR is believed to improve 24

as well as driver performance using AI technology. 25. Henri Simeonson says that 25

might be able to disrupt Al and make competitions unfair. 26. In Minor League Baseball, a type of 26

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 22 – INJURIES

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau “fewer”⇒ cần điền danh từ đếm được số nhiều

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Analysis of Al data by Dr Johann Muller suggests that teams which play defensively have fewer injuries.

What’s more, according to Dr Johann Muller, a sports scientist who has studied the Spanish research findings, the number of injuries a team suffers increases when they play in a style that prioritises offence.

CÂU HỎI 23 – SNEAKERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ “new” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

An Indian company has designed new sneakers using Al technology.

An Indian company has employed wearable technology developed in other fields to analyse stride patterns. This analysis has allowed its technicians to develop sneakers in various styles aimed at both long- and short-distance runners.

CÂU HỎI 24 – SAFETY

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “improve” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The use of Al in NASCAR is believed to improve safety as well as driver performance.

Coaches involved in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) believe that Al algorithms not only help drivers go faster but also enhance the safety of the sport because of their ability to monitor and predict potential problems.

CÂU HỎI 25 – HACKERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước “might be” ⇒ cần điền danh từ làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “that”

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Henri Simeonson says that hackers might be able to disrupt Al and make competitions unfair.

In particular, Simeonson is concerned that Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.

CÂU HỎI 26 – JOURNALISM

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau giới từ “of” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

In Minor League Baseball, a type of journalism powered by Al is giving the sport greater publicity.

Another innovation is seen in Minor League Baseball in the USA, which is promoting the sport and seeking new fans with the use of Al-enhanced journalism.

Questions

14 – 19

Questions 14-19. Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of headings
i Al can improve the profitability of sporting businesses
ii Responses to criticisms of Al in sports coaching
iii A contrast between coaching today and in the past
iv An academic outlines some of the advantages of Al in sport
v The businesses responsible for creating Al software
vi The use of Al to decide the results of a competition
vii An academic study into a team sport in one country
viii The uses of Al in coaching a range of different sports

Paragraph A

iii

Paragraph B

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

vii

Paragraph C

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Paragraph D

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

viii

Paragraph E

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Paragraph F

Bạn chưa trả lời câu hỏi này

Giải thích đáp án

PARAGRAPH A – HEADING III Chú ý tới từ khóa “coaching today and in the past” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
A contrast between coaching today and in the past	Over the following decades television provided sports coaches with a wealth of information to analyse… Most of this data, though, consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context. However, the use of artificial intelligence (Al) is now enabling an alternative approach to coaching. Al means the development of computer systems that can perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence, such as decision making. Increasingly, computers are being trained to understand the rules and objectives of sports so they can coach more directly. Al can analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Sự tương phản giữa cách huấn luyện ngày nay và trước đây
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn, người viết SO SÁNH cách huấn luyện trong thể thao trước đây và ngày nay: Trong những thập kỷ vừa qua: hầu hết dữ liệu mà các huấn luyện viên thể thao có được nhờ truyền hình đều chỉ gồm các số liệu thống kế đơn thuần mà không có bất kỳ bối cảnh cụ thể nào (consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context) Ngày nay (với trí tuệ nhân tạo – AI): xuất hiện một phương pháp huấn luyện thay thế (an alternative approach to coaching). Ngoài phân tích từng hành động của người chơi, AI còn liên hệ nó với bối cảnh thể thao rộng hơn, bao gồm những chỉ thị của huấn luyện viên cũng như hành động của những người chơi khác. (analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players) => Cách huấn luyện hiện nay với sự góp mặt của trí tuệ nhân tạo (mở rộng bối cảnh, phân tích cả những hành động của huấn luyện viên và người chơi khác) khác với cách huấn luyện trước đây (chỉ có số liệu đơn thuần mà không có bối cảnh cụ thể). => Heading: III

PARAGRAPH B – HEADING VII Chú ý tới từ khóa “a team sport in one country” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
An academic study into a team sport in one country	Recently, a research experiment was conducted into the Spanish football league using an Al algorithm to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams. The research revealed that two teams, Barcelona and Real Madrid, had more than 150 recurring passing patterns…
DỊCH NGHĨA
Nghiên cứu học thuật về một môn thể thao đồng đội ở một quốc gia
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến một thử nghiệm nghiên cứu ở giải bóng đá Tây Ban Nha (Spanish football league) sử dụng thuật toán AI để phân tích chiến lược chuyền bóng của 20 đội. => Heading: VII

PARAGRAPH C – HEADING IV Chú ý tới từ khóa “academic”, “ advantages of AI” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
An academic outlines some of the advantages of Al in sport	Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. ‘Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,’ says Professor Graves, ‘but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form…’ Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised, based on an individual’s particular strengths and weaknesses.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Một học giả vạch ra một số lợi thế của AI trong thể thao
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến những lợi ích của AI trong thể thao mà Giáo sư Rebecca Graves đã chỉ ra: Xác định khả năng thi đấu của một đội đối thủ dựa vào lối chơi trước đây (identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form) Điều chỉnh việc rèn luyện sức khỏe, phát triển kỹ năng, chế độ ăn uống (fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised) để phù hợp với từng người. => Heading: IV

PARAGRAPH D – HEADING VIII Chú ý tới từ khóa “AI in coaching different sports” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The uses of Al in coaching a range of different sports	Part of the appeal of Al lies in its versatility. Ice hockey coaches in Finland are using Al to analyse the success of different plays… Coaching practices in professional basketball, American football and tennis are also being transformed by Al. In addition, the technology has applications in highly technical sports such as car racing.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Việc sử dụng AI trong huấn luyện một loạt các môn thể thao khác nhau
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến tính linh hoạt của AI (versatility) hay việc sử dụng AI trong các môn thể thao khác nhau: Ice hockey in Finland, professional basketball, American football and tennis, car racing (Khúc côn cầu trên băng ở Phần Lan, bóng rổ chuyên nghiệp, bóng đá và quần vợt Mỹ, đua xe hơi.) => Heading: VIII

PARAGRAPH E – HEADING VI Chú ý tới từ khóa “decide the results of a competition” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
The use of Al to decide the results of a competition	For all these reasons Al is increasingly being used in the high-pressure world of judging gymnastics performances. Research has shown that, particularly over a whole day’s worth of events, computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score. However, computer scientist Henri Simeonson has been quick to warn about some potential difficulties. In particular, Simeonson is concerned that Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.
DỊCH NGHĨA
Việc sử dụng AI để quyết định kết quả của một cuộc thi
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến việc sử dụng AI để đánh giá các màn đồng diễn thể dục dụng cụ (judging gymnastics performances). Mặt lợi: máy tính cũng đáng tin cậy như những người trọng tài khi cho điểm các vận động viên thể dục dụng cụ (computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score) Mặt hại: AI dễ bị tin tặc tấn công, gây ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của giải đấu (Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.) => AI quyết định kết quả của giải đấu (có thể đem lại kết quả đáng tin cậy như những trọng tài, nhưng cũng dễ bị tin tặc tấn công, làm sai lệch kết quả của cuộc thi). => Heading: VI

PARAGRAPH F – HEADING I Chú ý tới từ khóa “improve the profitability” trong heading.
HEADING	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Al can improve the profitability of sporting businesses	But now teams and stars are making increasing use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players… Analysts believe these sorts of initiatives are crucial to increasing a player or team’s revenue stream. It’s just one more way that sports stand to benefit from Al technologies, on and off the field.
DỊCH NGHĨA
AI có thể nâng cao khả năng sinh lời của các doanh nghiệp thể thao
Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn đề cập đến những sáng kiến về công nghệ như AI góp phần làm tăng nguồn thu nhập của người chơi cũng như đội chơi (increasing player or team’s revenue stream). Họ sử dụng chatbot và các “trợ lý ảo” nhằm cung cấp cho người hâm mộ những số liệu thống kê, tin tức và thông tin cơ bản về những vận động viên yêu thích của họ (making use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players), từ đó thu hút được sự thích thú của người xem, tạo ra nguồn doanh thu lớn cho các đội và những ngôi sao nổi tiếng. => Heading: I

Questions

20 – 21

Questions 20 and 21. The list below gives some ways coaches could use Al. Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves?

20
21
A
speeding up analysis of data
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này
B
personalising training programmes
C
improving mental toughness
D
reducing cost of sports coaching
Bạn chọn thiếu đáp án này
E
identifying opponents’ game plans

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 20, 21 – PARAGRAPH C
CÂU HỎI	VÙNG THÔNG TIN
Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves? A. speeding up analysis of data B. personalising training programmes C. improving mental toughness D. reducing cost of sports coaching E. identifying opponents’ game plans	Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. ‘Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,’ says Professor Graves, ‘but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form. Once this was largely guesswork but now it can be achieved with some confidence.’ (=> E) The expense of Al technology means it will probably remain beyond the reach of all but elite teams, but among this group the implications are enormous. Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet and numerous other factors that can be minutely customised, based on an individual’s particular strengths and weaknesses. (=> B)
DỊCH NGHĨA
HAI thứ nào trong số này được đề xuất bởi Giáo sư Rebecca Graves? A. đẩy nhanh tốc độ phân tích dữ liệu B. cá nhân hóa các chương trình đào tạo C. cải thiện cho tinh thần dẻo dai hơn D. giảm chi phí huấn luyện thể thao E. xác định chiến thuật thi đấu của đối thủ	Giáo sư giáo dục thể thao Rebecca Graves tin rằng AI có thể cung cấp cho các huấn luyện viên những hiểu biết vô giá. Giáo sư Graves nói: “Chiến thuật đã từng là những bí mật được giữ kín, nhưng giờ đây, một huấn luyện viên khi tiếp cận với AI có thể xác định khả năng thi đấu của một đội đối thủ dựa vào lối chơi trước đây. Điều này phần lớn chỉ là phỏng đoán trước đó, tuy nhiên bây giờ ta có thể xác định được nó với sự tự tin nhất định.” Chi phí sử dụng công nghệ AI có thể nằm ngoài tầm với của tất cả các đội, trừ những đội ưu tú, nhưng nó vẫn có tác động rất lớn lên số đó. Giáo sư Graves cho rằng AI cho phép việc chuẩn bị cho trận đấu được điều chỉnh sao cho phù hợp với từng người chơi với độ chính xác cao hơn. Bà nhận thấy rằng việc rèn luyện sức khỏe, phát triển kỹ năng, chế độ ăn uống cũng như những yếu tố khác có thể được điều chỉnh một cách tỉ mỉ, dựa trên những điểm mạnh và điểm yếu cụ thể của một cá nhân.
Loại đáp án A, C vì những thông tin này không được đề cập trong bài khóa. Loại đáp án D vì chi phí cho công nghệ AI không phải quá đắt đỏ đối với những đội ưu tú nên không cần giảm.

Questions

22 – 26

Questions 22-26. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

22. Analysis of Al data by Dr Johann Muller suggests that teams which play defensively have fewer 22

23. An Indian company has designed new 23

using AI technology. 24. The use of Al in NASCAR is believed to improve 24

as well as driver performance using AI technology. 25. Henri Simeonson says that 25

might be able to disrupt Al and make competitions unfair. 26. In Minor League Baseball, a type of 26

Giải thích đáp án

CÂU HỎI 22 – INJURIES

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau “fewer”⇒ cần điền danh từ đếm được số nhiều

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Analysis of Al data by Dr Johann Muller suggests that teams which play defensively have fewer injuries.

CÂU HỎI 23 – SNEAKERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau tính từ “new” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

An Indian company has designed new sneakers using Al technology.

CÂU HỎI 24 – SAFETY

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau động từ “improve” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

The use of Al in NASCAR is believed to improve safety as well as driver performance.

CÂU HỎI 25 – HACKERS

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng trước “might be” ⇒ cần điền danh từ làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “that”

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

Henri Simeonson says that hackers might be able to disrupt Al and make competitions unfair.

In particular, Simeonson is concerned that Al is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.

CÂU HỎI 26 – JOURNALISM

Chỗ trống cần điền đứng sau giới từ “of” ⇒ cần điền danh từ

CÂU HỎI

VÙNG THÔNG TIN

In Minor League Baseball, a type of journalism powered by Al is giving the sport greater publicity.

Another innovation is seen in Minor League Baseball in the USA, which is promoting the sport and seeking new fans with the use of Al-enhanced journalism.

Strategies for the IELTS 2 – Test 5 – R