Flora and fauna, agriculture - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

absence (n) /ˈæbsəns/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự vắng mặt, sự nghỉ (học), sự đi vắng; thời gian vắng mặt, lúc đi vắng =the fact of somebody being away from a place where they are usually expected to be

Ví dụ:

The decision was made in my [absence] (= while I was not there).
We did not receive any news during his long [absence].
Unbeknown to me, he’d gone and rented out the apartment in my [absence].

absent (adj) /ˈæb.sənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Vắng mặt, đi vắng, nghỉ =not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work

Ví dụ:

John has been [absent] from school/work for three days now.
If a child is [absent], the teacher notes it down in the class register.
Evans was [absent] without leave from his Hong Kong-based regiment.

abuse (v) /əˈbjuːz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

lạm dụng, lộng hành Lăng mạ, sỉ nhục, chửi rủa. =to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong to treat someone cruelly or violently

Ví dụ:

She is continually [abusing] her position/authority by getting other people to do things for her
If you [abuse] your body now, you’ll pay the price when you’re older.
Several of the children had been sexually/physically/emotionally [abused].

aggression (n) /əˈɡreʃ.ən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự hung hăng, sự hiếu chiến, sự kích động, cơn tức giận =feelings of anger and hatred that may result in threatening or violent behaviour

Ví dụ:

Does your dog show [aggression] towards any strangers or just towards men?
You have to learn to control your [aggression] in order to avoid serious conflict.
[Aggression] is by no means a male-only trait.

aggressive (adj) /əˈɡres.ɪv/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hay tấn công, gây sự, gây gỗ, gây hấn, hung hăng, hùng hổ =angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack

Ví dụ:

Men tend to be more [aggressive] than women.
If I criticize him, he gets [aggressive] and starts shouting.
[Aggressive] behaviour is a sign of emotional distress.

agriculture (n) /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nông nghiệp. =the science or practice of farming

Ví dụ:

The number of people employed in [agriculture] has fallen in the last decade.
50% of the country’s population depends on [agriculture].
The area depends on [agriculture] for most of its income.

arid (adj) /ˈær.ɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Khô cằn (đất). =(of land or a climate) having little or no rain; very dry

Ví dụ:

[arid] and semi-[arid] deserts
Nothing grows in these [arid] regions.
The pioneers hoped to transform the [arid] outback into a workable landscape.

beak (n) /biːk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Mỏ (chim). =the hard, pointed part of a bird’s mouth

Ví dụ:

Birds use their [beaks] to pick up food.
These birds have heavy [beaks] with a distinct hook at the end.
There are now 500 of these large, blue-black birds with yellow [beaks] and feet, in the centre

bonfire (n) /ˈbɒn.faɪər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

lửa trại =a large fire that is made outside to burn unwanted things, or for pleasure

Ví dụ:

With [bonfires] outlawed in urban areas, gardeners must cart their refuse to a dump.
They celebrated the event by holding parades, lighting [bonfires] and setting off fireworks
These fantastic recipes are sure to set your [bonfire] party off with a bang.

bristle (n) /ˈbrɪs.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Lông cứng =a short stiff hair

Ví dụ:

hog’s [bristles] — lông lợn
That animal has a short stumpy tail covered with [bristles].
He added that the animals’ feet were covered in billions of tiny [bristles] which themselves were composed of mushroom-shaped caps.

broccoli (n) /ˈbrɒk.əl.i/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Cây bông cải xanh. =a vegetable with a thick green stem and several dark green or purple flower heads

Ví dụ:

The only vegetables to avoid are any of the cole crops, such as cabbage, mustard or [broccoli].
Plant out winter greens, such as [broccoli] and Brussels sprouts, in the vegetable plot
After plants stop producing, most people pull up their [broccoli] and toss it onto the compost pile.

burrow (n) /ˈbʌr.əʊ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hang (cầy, thỏ, chuột). =a hole in the ground dug by an animal such as a rabbit, especially to live in

Ví dụ:

They nest in [burrows], often taking over rabbit warrens.
Millions of seabirds nested in ground [burrows].
Popsy’s grin vanished like a rabbit into a [burrow]

carnation (n) /kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hoa cẩm chướng. =(a plant with) a small flower with a sweet smell, usually white, pink, or red in colour

Ví dụ:

He was wearing a [carnation] in his buttonhole.
She also enjoyed flowers adorning the Keegan home with a variety of flowers, with white [carnations] being her favourite.
The tall man wore a pink [carnation] in his lapel

catastrophic (adj) /ˌkæt.əˈstrɒf.ɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có tính thảm hoạ, vô cùng thê thảm. =(of a natural event) causing a lot of damage and suffering [synonym] disastrous causing a lot of problems for people [synonym] disastrous

Ví dụ:

a [catastrophic] earthquake/flood/wildfire.
a [catastrophic] failure/collapse/defeat
A [catastrophic] storm made landfall on US soil.

cattle (n) /ˈkæt.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thú nuôi, gia súc =cows and bulls that are kept for their milk or meat

Ví dụ:

The farmer grazes [cattle] on this land in the summer months
a herd of [cattle]
We can finish a lot more [cattle] on grass for the benefit of the planet.

cauliflower (n) /ˈkɒl.ɪˌflaʊ.ər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thực vật học) Cải hoa, hoa lơ, súp lơ. =a vegetable with green leaves around a large hard white head of flowers

Ví dụ:

Do you like [cauliflower]?
Among the varieties, there were 15 white [cauliflowers], 3 purple cauliflowers, four broccolis, and a collard.
How about snails in hot tomato sauce, or refried [cauliflower] with garlic cloves?

chew (v) /tʃuː/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhai =to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it can be swallowed

Ví dụ:

This meat is difficult to [chew].
You don’t [chew] your food enough – that’s why you get indigestion.
Be certain to eat slowly and [chew] your food extremely well.

citrus (n) /ˈsɪt.rəs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thực vật học) Giống cam quít. =fruit belonging to the group of fruit that includes oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit any of a group of plants that produce acidic fruits with a lot of juice

Ví dụ:

The field was planted with [citrus] trees.
Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of [citrus] fruit.
Most [citrus] are native to tropical or semitropical climates

claw (n) /klɔː/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Vuốt (mèo, chim). Chân có vuốt. =one of the sharp curved nails at the end of each of the toes of some animals and birds

Ví dụ:

Our cat likes to sharpen her [claws] on the legs of the dining table.
A bird’s [claw] was gripping the end of the hilt
But those don’t look like cat [claw] marks

cleanse (v) /klenz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

làm trong sạch, làm cho tinh khiết =to make something completely clean. to make someone or something morally clean or pure

Ví dụ:

The mayor has promised to [cleanse] the city of drug dealers (= to remove them from the city
Straight after your last cigarette your body will begin to [cleanse] itself of tobacco toxins.
It urged the party to [cleanse] its own ranks of those found guilty of human rights violations.

coat (n) /kəʊt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Bộ lông (thú). =the hair, wool, or fur covering an animal

Ví dụ:

a dog with a smooth/shaggy [coat]
animals in their winter [coats] (= grown long for extra warmth)
The dog’s [coat] is shiny and clean.

conduct (v) /kənˈdʌkt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Vật lý) Dẫn. =to allow electricity or heat to go through

Ví dụ:

Copper [conducts] electricity, but plastic does not.
to [conduct] heat — dẫn nhiệt
Heat is [conducted] to the surface

conductor (n) /kənˈdʌk.tər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Vật lý) Chất dẫn (điện, nhiệt). =a substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it

Ví dụ:

Metal is a good [conductor] of heat.
Metals are good [conductors]
Most polymers are poor [conductors]

counter (v) /ˈkaʊn.tər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Chặn lại và đánh trả, phản công lại (đấu kiếm, quyền Anh) =to react to something with an opposing opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something

Ví dụ:

After the government bombed their camp, the rebels [countered] with an attack on the capital.
When criticisms were made of the school’s performance, the parents’ group [countered] with details of its exam results.
Extra police have been moved into the area to [counter] the risk of violence.

crevice (n) /ˈkrev.ɪs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đường nứt, kẽ hở (tường, núi đá). =a narrow crack in a rock or wall

Ví dụ:

Most of the year the insects are hidden in rock [crevices].
He slipped on the mountain and landed in a [crevice].
Many creatures hide in [crevices] in the rock

crisis (n) /ˈkraɪ.sɪs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự khủng hoảng; cơn khủng hoảng. =a time of great disagreement, confusion, or suffering

Ví dụ:

The country’s leadership is in [crisis].
an economic/financial [crisis]
We have a family [crisis] on my hands – my 16-year-old sister is pregnant.

criticism (n) /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự phê bình, sự phê phán, sự bình phẩm, sự chỉ trích. Lời phê bình, lời phê phán, lời bình phẩm, lời chỉ trích =the act of saying that something or someone is bad

Ví dụ:

The designs for the new mosque have attracted widespread [criticism].
I have a few [criticisms] to make about your speech.
The [criticism] that the English do not truly care about their children was often voiced.

criticize (v) /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.saɪz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Phê bình, phê phán, bình phẩm, chỉ trích =to express disapproval of someone or something

Ví dụ:

The government is being widely [criticized] in the media for failing to limit air pollution.
We’ll get nowhere if all you can do is [criticize].
The minister [criticized] the police for failing to come up with any leads.

cull (v) /kʌl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(động vật) giết bớt đi để ngăn không cho số lượng gia tăng quá nhiều =to kill a particular number of animals of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large

Ví dụ:

The plan to [cull] large numbers of baby seals has angered environmental groups.
To save remaining herds and habitat, the national parks department is planning to [cull] 2000 elephants.
That the seal cubs were [culled] has led to an outcry from environmental groups.

daisy (n) /ˈdeɪ.zi/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thực vật học) Cây cúc. =a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre that often grows in grass

Ví dụ:

I gave a gasp as Justin came over with a bouquet of yellow and white [daisies] and a huge smile on his face.
She stopped to buy some [daisies] from the one and only flower vendor, simple white daisies.
There are fields of maize and little plots of white [daisies].

deduce (v) /dɪˈdʒuːs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Suy ra, luận ra, suy luận, suy diễn =to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts

Ví dụ:

The police have [deduced] that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening
Can we [deduce] from your silence that you do not approve?
The date of the document can be [deduced] from references to the Civil War.

deduction (n) /dɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự suy ra, sự luận ra, sự suy luận, sự suy diễn. Điều suy luận =the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached

Ví dụ:

He arrived at the solution by a simple process of [deduction]
If my [deductions] are correct, I can tell you who the killer was
My mother had made her own shrewd [deductions] about what was going on.

deep (adj) /diːp/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sâu Sâu xa, sâu sắc, sâu kín, thâm trầm =having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom very strongly felt or experienced and usually lasting a long time

Ví dụ:

The water’s not [deep] here – look, I can touch the bottom
[deep] respect
He wants to express his [deep] sympathy to the family.

demonstrate (v) /ˈdem.ən.streɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Biểu tình, biểu tình tuần hành, biểu dương lực lượng. =to make a public expression that you are not satisfied about something, especially by marching or having a meeting

Ví dụ:

Thousands of people gathered to [demonstrate] against the new proposals.
to [demonstrate] in favour of something — biểu tình ủng hộ ai cái gì
Thousands of students [demonstrated] at the university.

den (n) /den/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hang (thú dữ); sào huyệt (của bọn cướp). =the hidden home of some types of wild animal

Ví dụ:

a bear’s/lion’s [den]
A female mink had set up her [den] there
We traced the primary crime scene back to a wild coyote [den]

dense (adj) /dens/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Dày đặc, chặt. Đông đúc; rậm rạp. =having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through

Ví dụ:

[dense] fog
a [dense] forest
They had to clear a road through an area of [dense] forest.

disastrous (adj) /dɪˈzɑː.strəs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Tai hại, thảm khốc. Bất hạnh. =extremely bad or unsuccessful. [synonym] catastrophic

Ví dụ:

Such a war would be [disastrous] for the country.
This decision will have a [disastrous] impact on foreign policy.
His first attempt was [disastrous].

dispute (v) /dɪˈspjuːt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Bàn cãi, tranh luận. =to disagree with something that someone says

Ví dụ:

Few would [dispute] his status as the finest artist of the period.
The circumstances of her death have been hotly [disputed].
I don’t [dispute] (that) his movies are entertaining, but they don’t have much depth.

domesticate (v) /dəˈmes.tɪ.keɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Làm cho hợp thuỷ thổ (cây ); thuần hoá (súc vật). =to make a wild animal used to living with or working for humans

Ví dụ:

Dogs were probably the first animals to be [domesticated].
It was then that animals were [domesticated], agriculture began, and stone tools began to be replaced by metal ones.
Wheat originated in the Middle East, while pastry fats like lard and butter arrived when Christopher Columbus brought [domesticated] pigs and cattle to the New World.

domesticated (adj) /dəˈmes.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(động vật) đã được thuần hóa, thuần chủng =(of animals or plants) brought under human control in order to provide food, power, or company

Ví dụ:

These animals are only partly [domesticated].
[domesticated] elephants
The ultimate ancestors of all modern Polynesian populations shared essentially the same culture, language, technology, and set of [domesticated] plants and animals.

eggplant (n) /ˈeɡ.plænt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Cà tím. =a vegetable with shiny dark purple skin and soft white flesh

Ví dụ:

We grow many different vegetables: potatoes, [eggplant], etc.
Scatter one fourth of the julienned red pepper over the [eggplant].
I throw in a mix of [eggplant], peppers and cucumbers when I can

elephant (n) /ˈel.ɪ.fənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Con voi. =a very large grey mammal that has a trunk (= long nose) with which it can pick things up

Ví dụ:

Measures must be taken to protect the world’s depleted [elephant] population.
In the past eight years, the [elephant] population in Africa has been halved.
Tigers, [elephants] and a few others animals still roam there and along the borders.

endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒəd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng =(used about groups of animals, plants, etc ) at risk of no longer existing

Ví dụ:

The sea turtle is an [endangered] species.
Elephants are acutely [endangered] in East Africa
They have been given [endangered] species status under the Wildlife Protection Act.

endemic (adj) /enˈdem.ɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Sinh vật học) Đặc hữu (loài sinh vật ). =regularly found in a particular place or among a particular group of people

Ví dụ:

species [endemic] to (= only found in) Madagascar
Poverty is [endemic] in the South and it is spreading to the North
Malaria is [endemic] and is a cause of premature death

enthusiasm (n) /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự hăng hái, sự nhiệt tình. =a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an eagerness to be involved in it

Ví dụ:

One of the good things about teaching young children is their [enthusiasm].
After the accident he lost his [enthusiasm] for the sport.
I just can’t work up (= start to feel) any [enthusiasm] for the whole project.

equator (n) /ɪˈkweɪ.tər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Xích đạo =an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles

Ví dụ:

The island is twenty degrees south of the [equator]
Indonesia is/lies on the [equator].
Tourists from nearer the [equator] seldom feel comfortable in such temperatures.

eradicate (v) /ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhổ rễ. Trừ tiệt, triệt hạ, xóa sạch. =to destroy or get rid of something completely, especially something bad [synonym] wipe out

Ví dụ:

The government claims to be doing all it can to [eradicate] corruption.
The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been [eradicated].
These two steps alone will [eradicate] a large number of diseases we face today

estuary (n) /ˈes.tʃu.ə.ri/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Cửa sông. =the wide part of a river at the place where it joins the sea

Ví dụ:

We’d spent the night on an old trawler bobbing around in the [estuary] of the river
Freshwater streams, [estuaries], and the open ocean are all important habitats
The Gabun, in reality an [estuary] of the sea, lies immediately north of the equator

excess (n) /ɪkˈses/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

thừa mứa, quá sức, quá độ, vượt quá giới hạn =do something more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable

Ví dụ:

He started drinking to [excess] after losing his job.
They both eat to [excess] (= too much).
Are you suffering from an [excess] of stress in your life?

exclusively (adv) /ɪkˈskluː.sɪv.li/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chỉ dành cho, chỉ thuộc về =for only one particular person, group or use

Ví dụ:

The resort caters almost [exclusively] for a high-society public.
Some products are labelled [exclusively] for indoor or outdoor use.
This special chocolate is reserved [exclusively] for the use of Easter eggs only.

extinct (adj) /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Tuyệt giống, tuyệt chủng. =(of a type of plant, animal, etc ) no longer in existence

Ví dụ:

an [extinct] species
to become [extinct]
There is concern that the giant panda will soon become [extinct].

fatal (adj) /ˈfeɪ.təl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

làm nguy hiểm đến tính mạng, chí tử, làm chết, đưa đến chỗ chết, đem lại cái chết =causing or ending in death

Ví dụ:

This illness is [fatal] in almost all cases.
If she gets ill again it could prove [fatal].
It would deal a [fatal] blow to his fading chances of success.

fauna (n) /ˈfɔː.nə/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hệ động vật. =all the animals that live wild in a particular area

Ví dụ:

While she was in Hawaii, she studied the local flora and [fauna]
(specialist) land and marine [faunas]
They both shared a keen interest in the flora and [fauna] of the region

feather (n) /ˈfeð.ər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

lông vũ (của các loài chim) =one of the many soft light parts covering a bird’s body

Ví dụ:

a peacock [feather]
a [feather] pillow (= one containing feathers)
How am I supposed to tell them from any other [feather]?

fertile (adj) /ˈfɜː.taɪl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Tốt, màu mỡ (đất). =(of land or soil) that plants grow well in

Ví dụ:

The ploughed earth looked rich and dark and [fertile].
The corn grows waist-high in these [fertile] fields.
Herbs need [fertile] soil and a sunny sheltered position.

fertilizer (n) /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Phân bón (tự nhiên hoặc tổng hợp) =a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well

Ví dụ:

organic [fertilizer]
a liquid/chemical [fertilizer]
He spread [fertilizer] on the field with a rake.

flora (n) /ˈflɔː.rə/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hệ thực vật (của một vùng). =All the plants of a particular place or from a particular time in history

Ví dụ:

the [flora] of the Balearic Islands
Stone Age [flora]
The [flora] of this region is diverse and complex.

forage (v) /ˈfɒr.ɪdʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

đi lang thang đây đó để lục lọi tìm kiếm đồ ăn =to go from place to place searching for things that you can eat or use

Ví dụ:

The children had been living on the streets, [foraging] for scraps.
The pigs [foraged] in the woods for acorns.
The chef offers special dishes of wild and [foraged] foods, including wood pigeon and snails.

fur (n) /fɜːr/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

lớp lông mịn của một số loài thú =the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animals

Ví dụ:

The cat carefully licked its [fur].
Its [fur] was soft and fine as she gave it a gentle pat on the head
The females in particular were sought after for their fine, soft [fur]

game (n) /ɡeɪm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thú săn; thịt thú săn =wild animals and birds that are hunted for food or sport

Ví dụ:

[game] birds.
big [game] — thú săn lớn (như hổ, sư tử, voi)
…men who shot [game] for food.

gamekeeper (n) /ˈɡeɪmˌkiː.pər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Người canh rừng không cho săn trộm thú =a person whose job is to take care of and breed wild animals and birds that are kept on private land in order to be hunted

Ví dụ:

There are no houses near, and no people in it except a few [gamekeepers]: I spent long days in it without meeting a human being.
Some companies turn from poacher to [gamekeeper] in quite dramatic fashion.
Perhaps people came shooting here, or else there was a [gamekeeper].

genetically modified (collocation) /dʒəˌnet.ɪ.kəl.i ˈmɒd.ɪ.faɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(động vật, thực vật) biến đổi gen =(of a plant, etc ) having had its genetic structure changed artificially, so that it will produce more fruit or not be affected by disease

Ví dụ:

[genetically modified] foods (= made from plants that have been changed in this way)
It is not impossible for organic and [genetically modified] agriculture to coexist
There was contentious debate over the use of [genetically modified] crops

geneticist (n) /dʒəˈnet.ɪ.sɪst/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhà nghiên cứu về di truyền học, nhà di truyền học =a scientist who studies genetics

Ví dụ:

He is a plant [geneticist] with special interest in the broad cultural implications of agriculture and ecology.
Patients will receive counselling and a consultation with a clinical [geneticist].
Monod and Jacob, working with Arthur Pardee, a microbial [geneticist] from America, discovered three cardinal principles that governed the regulation of genes.

giraffe (n) /dʒɪˈrɑːf/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Hươu cao cổ. =a large African animal with a very long neck and long legs

Ví dụ:

A full-grown [giraffe] is 5 m tall.
There are 1,000 animals, including tigers, [giraffes], even rhinos
The [giraffe] was killed with a spear that had been tipped with poison.

grape (n) /ɡreɪp/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Quả nho. =a small, round, purple or pale green fruit that you can eat or make into wine

Ví dụ:

black/white/red/green [grapes]
a bunch of [grapes]
seedless [grapes]

grapefruit (n) /ˈɡreɪp.fruːt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thực vật học) Cây bưởi chùm, cây bưởi đắng. Quả bưởi chùm, quả bưởi đắng. =a fruit that is like a large orange, but has a yellow skin and tastes less sweet

Ví dụ:

Better still, why not just drink [grapefruit] juice instead?
Could I continue to eat [grapefruit] every morning if I decide to try it?
My neighbor gives me fresh [grapefruit], which is delicious

grid (n) /ɡrɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Lưới =a pattern or structure made from horizontal and vertical lines crossing each other to form squares

Ví dụ:

A metal [grid] had been placed over the hole to prevent people from falling in.
In Barcelona the streets are laid out in/on a [grid] system.
Power systems are designed to meet customers’ needs for harsh, remote environments where access to the electrical [grid] is not possible.

gum (n) /ɡʌm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

nhựa cây =a sticky substance that comes from the stems of some trees and plants

Ví dụ:

They otherwise feed mainly on tree [gum] and insects
Indian or Chinese ink is essentially lampblack (carbon ink) which is mixed with [gum] and resin and hardened by baking.
Their ‘pens’ were quills and their ink was a mixture of [gum], soot and, sometimes, the ink from an octopus

habit (n) /ˈhæb.ɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thói quen, tập quán. =something that you do often and regularly, sometimes without knowing that you are doing it

Ví dụ:

I always buy the same brand of toothpaste out of (= because of) [habit].
I was taught to drive by my boyfriend and I’m afraid I’ve picked up (= caught) some of his bad [habits].
Many people add salt to their food out of [habit], without even tasting it first.

hedgehog (n) /ˈhedʒ.hɒɡ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Con nhím Âu (thuộc loại ăn sâu bọ). =a small, brown mammal with a covering of sharp spines on its back

Ví dụ:

A puppy came crawling out of the bath, its coat was so filthy it looked like a [hedgehog].
The [hedgehog] is an old world mammal that has possibly changed little over a million years
A [hedgehog] often contracts its body into a ball.

hibernate (v) /ˈhaɪ.bə.neɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Ngủ đông (động vật) =(of some animals) to spend the winter sleeping

Ví dụ:

The turtle [hibernates] in a shallow burrow for six months of the year.
Dormice [hibernate] from October to May.
[Hibernating] insects begin to move.

hibernation (n) /ˌhaɪ.bəˈneɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự ngủ đông (động vật) =a state like deep sleep in which some animals spend the winter

Ví dụ:

to go into/come out of [hibernation]
Human [hibernation] was a physical and economic necessity.
Many of the island animals were already thinking about their winter [hibernation].

hide (n) /haɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Bộ da động vật =the strong, thick skin of an animal, used for making leather

Ví dụ:

boots made from buffalo [hide]
a black [hide] belt
The [hide] is tanned for leather.

hippopotamus (n) /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Lợn nước, hà mã. =a very large animal with short legs and thick, dark grey skin that lives near water in Africa

Ví dụ:

The name [hippopotamus] comes from Greek and means ‘river horse’
The [hippopotamus] is perfectly at home in the water, mating and giving birth there.
The children enjoyed watching the [hippopotamus] wallowing in the mud.

horn (n) /hɔːn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sừng (trâu bò ); gạc hươu, nai. =a hard, pointed, often curved part that grows from the top of the head of some animals, or the hard substance of which a horn is made

Ví dụ:

The male deer grows large branching [horns] called antlers.
The bull lowered its [horns] and charged straight at him.
It is like looking at a pair of cattle [horns], is it not?

hunter (n) /ˈhʌn.tər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Người đi săn =a person who hunts wild animals for food or sport; an animal that hunts its food

Ví dụ:

The [hunters] followed the tracks of the deer for hours.
The [hunters] skinned the deer they had killed.
The treasure [hunters] have only a few more weeks to make their fortunes before winter sets in.

identification (n) /aɪˌden.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự nhận ra, sự nhận biết sự nhận diện; sự nhận dạng giấy tờ tùy thân (CMT, hộ chiếu, etc) =the act of recognizing and naming someone or something also ID an official document that shows or proves who you are

Ví dụ:

Accurate [identification] of these birds is difficult
We were asked to show some [identification] before the security guards would let us in.
Their work includes the [identification] of genes which govern the growth rate and fertility.

identify (v) /aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhận ra, làm cho nhận ra, nhận biết; nhận diện, nhận dạng. =to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc and to show that it exists

Ví dụ:

Even the smallest baby can [identify] its mother by her voice
You need to [identify] your priorities.
There are a number of distinguishing characteristics by which you can [identify] a Hollywood epic.

identity (n) /aɪˈden.tə.ti/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

danh tính, danh tánh, tính danh. =who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others

Ví dụ:

The man’s [identity] was being kept secret while he was helping police with enquiries.
I cannot reveal the [identity] of my source.
The police soon established his true [identity] and he was quickly found.

ignorance (n) /ˈɪɡ.nər.əns/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự thiếu hiểu biết, sự ngu dốt do thiếu kiến thức =lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something

Ví dụ:

Public [ignorance]about the disease is still a cause for concern.
They fought a long battle against prejudice and [ignorance]
I hate to admit my [ignorance], but how does it work?

infer (v) /ɪnˈfɜr/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Suy ra, luận ra; kết luận, đưa đến kết luận Đoán, phỏng đoán =to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have. [synonym] deduce

Ví dụ:

What do you [infer] from her refusal?
I [inferred] from her expression that she wanted to leave.
By measuring the motion of the galaxies in a cluster, astronomers can [infer] the cluster’s mass.

inference (n) /ˈɪn.fər.əns/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự suy ra, sự luận ra. Điều suy ra, điều luận ra; kết luận =a guess that you make or an opinion that you form based on the information that you have

Ví dụ:

to draw/make [inferences] from the data
The clear [inference] is that the universe is expanding.
There were two [inferences] to be drawn from her letter.

insect (n) /ˈɪn.sekt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Sâu bọ, côn trùng. =any small creature with six legs and a body divided into three parts.

Ví dụ:

[insect] species
[insect] repellent (= a chemical that keeps insects away)
an [insect] bite

intensive farming (n) /ɪnˈten.sɪv ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

làm nông trên quy mô lớn, với rất nhiều máy móc và hóa chất công nghiệp (phân bón, thuốc trừ sâu hại, v v ) =a way of producing large amounts of crops, by using chemicals and machines

Ví dụ:

The use of [intensive farming] can damage the environment.
Elsewhere large areas have been drained and levelled for industry or [intensive farming].
In the countryside, [intensive farming] means fewer hedgerows and rough pasture for hedgehogs to forage and hide in.

keen (adj) /kiːn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sắc sảo; tinh, thính. =very good or well developed

Ví dụ:

a [keen] sense of smell.
[keen] intelligence — trí thông minh sắc sảo [keen] eyes — mắt tinh [keen] ears — tai thính
They have [keen] hearing and good senses of vision and smell

large-scale (adj) /ˌlɑːdʒˈskeɪl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

trên quy mô lớn =involving many people or things, or happening over a large area

Ví dụ:

We must improve our response to [large-scale] natural disasters.
They will have spent weeks working to devise a [large-scale] production that utilises the venue’s considerable technical resources.
We need to understand and to feel that we are able to fulfil [large-scale] projects.

lily (n) /ˈlɪl.i/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

hoa huệ tây; hoa loa kèn. =a large white or brightly coloured flower with petals that curl back from the centre There are many types of lily.

Ví dụ:

tiger [lilies]
He approached a vase of flowers and pulled on the stem of the white [lily]
Water [lilies] grew along the riverbank as the stream of water flowed around trees that grew juicy fruits

lineage (n) /ˈlɪn.i.ɪdʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nòi giống, dòng, dòng giống, dòng dõi. =the members of a person’s family who are directly related to that person and who lived a long time before him or her

Ví dụ:

She’s very proud of her ancient royal lineage
a French nobleman of ancient lineage
They can trace their [lineage] directly back to the 18th century.

log (n) /lɒɡ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Khúc gỗ mới đốn, khúc gỗ mới xẻ. =a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire

Ví dụ:

When I lifted the [log], there were lots of beetles skittering about/around under it.
Running along the beach, she stumbled on a [log] and fell on the sand.
She went into the forest, slowing only enough to avoid trees and fallen [logs].

major (adj) /ˈmeɪ.dʒər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Lớn (hơn), nhiều (hơn), trọng đại, chủ yếu. =very large or important

Ví dụ:

All of her [major] plays have been translated into English.
Sugar is a [major] cause of tooth decay.
The use of drugs is a [major] problem

mammal (n) /ˈmæm.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Động vật học) Loài thú, loài động vật có vú. =any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk from her own body

Ví dụ:

Humans, dogs, elephants, and dolphins are all [mammals], but birds, fish, and crocodiles are not.
It provides the growing young with everything it wants, and only [mammals] produce milk.
The domestic animal is the first [mammal] known to die of the disease in Europe

mango (n) /ˈmæŋ.ɡəʊ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Quả xoài. (Thực vật học) Cây xoài. =an oval tropical fruit with a smooth skin, orange-yellow flesh, and a large, hard seed in the middle

Ví dụ:

A fresh [mango] will give slightly to the touch, but stay away from very soft or bruised fruit
Pickled vegetables and fruits like lemons or [mangoes] are popular accompaniments to meals.
The mango was very delicious, and her husband requested that the other [mango] be served

manure (n) /məˈnjʊr/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Phân bón có nguồn gốc từ chất thải động vật =the waste matter from animals that is spread over or mixed with the soil to help plants and crops grow [synonym] dung

Ví dụ:

Dig plenty of well-rotted [manure] into the soil.
Work in plenty of well-rotted [manure].
the best time to spread [manure] on the fields

maple (n) /ˈmeɪ.pəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thực vật học) Cây thích, cây phong. =a tall tree with leaves that have five points and turn bright red or yellow in the autumn/fall Maples grow in northern countries.

Ví dụ:

a [maple] leaf
[maple] trees
The hillsides are covered with [maples] and other foliage

marine (adj) /məˈriːn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thuộc) Biển. =connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there

Ví dụ:

[marine] plant — cây ở biểnmarine bird — chim biển
[marine] life
a [marine] biologist (= a scientist who studies life in the sea)

mayor (n) /meər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thị trưởng. =a person who is elected or chosen to lead the group who governs a town or city

Ví dụ:

We need a [mayor] who is tough enough to clean up this town.
The [mayor] has promised to cleanse the city of drug dealers.
As I said just a few seconds ago, I regularly meet with [mayors] and councillors

mechanism (n) /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

cơ chế. cơ chế hoạt động =a way of doing something that is planned or part of a system

Ví dụ:

[mechanisms] for dealing with complaints from the general public
The college has established an effective student support [mechanism].
A bomb has been detonated by a special [mechanism].

melon (n) /ˈmel.ən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Dưa tây, dưa lưới =a large, round fruit with hard yellow or green skin, sweet flesh, and a lot of seeds

Ví dụ:

a slice of [melon]
They also love ripe [melons] and bananas and grapes.
Scoop the seeds from the [melon], slice away the skin and cut the flesh into six thin slices.