Globalisation - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

age (v) /eɪdʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

trở nên già hơn =to become older

Ví dụ:

As he [aged], his memory got worse.
The population is [aging] (= more people are living longer).
He had always looked so young, but he seemed to have [aged] in the last few months.

astounding (adj) /əˈstaʊn.dɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Làm sững sờ, làm sửng sốt =so surprising that it is difficult to believe [synonym] astonishing Làm kinh ngạc, làm kinh hoàng.

Ví dụ:

There was an [astounding] 20% increase in sales.
The performance was an [astounding] success.
They can perform [astounding] mathematical feats in seconds.

bland (adj) /blænd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

nhạt nhẽo, vô vị =not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy

Ví dụ:

I find chicken a little [bland].
Pop music these days is so [bland].
It sounds like an advert: easy on the ear but [bland] and forgettable.

brand (n) /brænd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhãn (hàng hoá), thương hiệu. =a type of product made by a particular company

Ví dụ:

Which [brand] of toothpaste do you use?.
This isn’t my usual [brand] of deodorant.
The company’s objective is to become the leading Internet-based music media company and to create a global [brand].

chain (n) /tʃeɪn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chuỗi (cửa hàng, nhà hàng, siêu thị, khách sạn ) =a group of shops/stores or hotels owned by the same company

Ví dụ:

The supermarket [chain] announced that it was cutting the cost of all its fresh and frozen meat
They are not only the world’s biggest fast-food [chain], but also the industry’s trendsetter.
Large retail [chains] have pushed out many of the independent businesses from town centers.

commentator (n) /ˈkɒm.ənˌteɪ.tər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhà bình luận =a person who is an expert on a particular subject and talks or writes about it on television or radio, or in a newspaper

Ví dụ:

a political [commentator]
They have expert [commentators] who seem to take their job seriously.
[Commentators] have spent an enjoyable weekend unpicking the threads of the dispute.

compound (v) /kəm’paʊnd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

làm tình hinh tệ đi, làm vấn đề trở nên phức tạp, khó giải quyết hơn =to make something bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems

Ví dụ:

The problems were [compounded] by severe food shortages.
His financial problems were [compounded] when he unexpectedly lost his job.
Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only [compound] the tragedy.

concerning /kən’sɜːnɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Về việc =about something; involving somebody/something

Ví dụ:

He asked several questions [concerning] the future of the company.
All cases [concerning] children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
I wanted to be sure that there had been no false menaces [concerning] that letter.

cultural (adj) /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thuộc) Văn hoá. =connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs, beliefs, etc.

Ví dụ:

[cultural] differences between the two communities
economic, social and [cultural] factors
Families try to hold on to their own [cultural] and moral values because this is what makes them feel safe.

culture (n) /ˈkʌl.tʃər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

văn hoá =the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time

Ví dụ:

youth/working-class [culture]
She’s studying modern Japanese language and [culture].
We need to ensure that we have a [culture] of respect for women.

cumulative (adj) /ˈkjuː.mjə.lə.tɪv/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

tích tụ, dồn lại, chồng chất lên mãi =increasing by one addition after another

Ví dụ:

The [cumulative] effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.
Simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, have a [cumulative] effect on our mood.
A few successful attempts at recall will be [cumulative] in their effect.

cycle (n) /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chu kỳ, chu trình, vòng lặp =he fact of a series of events being repeated many times, always in the same order

Ví dụ:

the [cycle] of the seasons
They could not break the [cycle] of harvest failure, food shortage, price increase and misery.
The figures marked the final low point of the present economic [cycle].

demographic (n) /ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhân khẩu học =data relating to the population and different groups within it

Ví dụ:

the [demographics] of radio listeners
Failing to inform investors about a shrinking user base in certain [demographics].
Our [demographics] crisis is real and has been dodged for too long.

diversity (n) /daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.ti/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự đa dạng =[uncountable, countable, usually singular] a range of many people or things that are very different from each other [synonym] variety

Ví dụ:

the biological [diversity] of the rainforests
a great/wide/rich [diversity] of opinion
Their goal was to put together an international plan to preserve global genetic [diversity].

dominate (v) /ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chiếm áp đảo, có ảnh hưởng lớn, có sức chi phối lớn =to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something

Ví dụ:

He refuses to let others speak and [dominates] every meeting.
They work as a group – no one person is allowed to [dominate].
The countries of Eastern Europe immediately started to [dominate].

dwindle (v) /ˈdwɪn.dəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhỏ lại, thu nhỏ lại, teo đi, co lại Nhỏ dần đi. =to become gradually less or smaller

Ví dụ:

Support for the party has [dwindled] away to nothing
Membership of the club has [dwindled] from 70 to 20.
Exports are [dwindling] and the trade deficit is swelling.

end up (phrasal verb) /end ʌp/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

cuối cùng dẫn đến kết cục, kết thúc là =to finally be in a particular place or situation:

Ví dụ:

They’re travelling across Europe by train and are planning to [end up] in Moscow.
Much of this meat will probably [end up] as dog food.
She’ll [end up] penniless if she continues to spend like that.

ethnic (adj) /ˈeθ.nɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thuộc dân tộc, thuộc tộc người =relating to a particular race of people

Ví dụ:

Conflicts between the different [ethnic] groups in the country exploded into civil war.
There are still several million [ethnic] Germans in Russia.
The real picture here is of a country where [ethnic] and religious uniformity is largely the norm.

ethnicity (n) /eθˈnɪs.ə.ti/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

dân tộc, sắc tộc =a large group of people who have the same national, racial, or cultural origins, or the state of belonging to such a group

Ví dụ:

Many factors are important, for example class, gender, age and [ethnicity].
He said his [ethnicity] had not been important to him.
Issues of [ethnicity] and culture remained taboo.

examine (v) /ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Khám xét, xem xét, thẩm tra, khảo sát, nghiên cứu =to look at or consider a person or thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something about them

Ví dụ:

Forensic scientists are [examining] the wreckage for clues about the cause of the explosion.
The council is to [examine] ways of reducing traffic in the city centre.
The research [examined] the effects of alcohol on long-term memory.

exotic (adj) /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Ở nước ngoài đưa vào, ngoại lai (cây cỏ, từ, mốt). Kỳ lạ, kỳ cục; đẹp kỳ lạ =from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries

Ví dụ:

brightly-coloured [exotic] flowers/plants/birds
She travels to all kinds of [exotic] locations all over the world.
The fruits sound [exotic]

far-flung (adj) /ˌfɑːˈflʌŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Xa, rộng, trải rộng bao la. =used to refer to places that are a great distance away, or something that is spread over a very large area:

Ví dụ:

She has travelled to the most [far-flung] corners of the world.
Ferries are a lifeline to the [far-flung] corners of Scotland.
They had been removed from the most civilised city in the world and taken to a remote beach on a [far-flung] island.

foresight (n) /ˈfɔː.saɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự thấy trước, sự nhìn xa thấy trước; sự lo xa =the ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future

Ví dụ:

She had had the [foresight] to prepare herself financially in case of an accident.
The government’s policies show a remarkable lack of [foresight].
They had the [foresight] to invest in new technology.

global (adj) /ˈɡləʊ.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Toàn cầu =relating to the whole world

Ví dụ:

a [global] catastrophe/problem
They are confident their leader is taking a [global] view on important issues.
The [global] economy today is not in the best shape for us to be introducing turbulence.

globalization (n) /ˌɡloʊbələˈzeɪʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Toàn cầu hoá =the fact that different cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar to each other because of the influence of large multinational companies and of improved communication

Ví dụ:

We must take advantage of the increased [globalization] of the commodity trading business
the [globalization] of fashion/American youth culture
Economic [globalization] provides one powerful example that will concern us throughout this book.

globally (adv) /ˈɡləʊ.bəl.i/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

một cách toàn cầu =in a way that covers or affects the whole world

Ví dụ:

We need to start thinking [globally].
Locally successful companies must become [globally] competitive.
He was the videogame designer responsible for creating the OASIS, a massively multiplayer online game that had gradually evolved into the [globally] networked virtual reality most of humanity now used on a daily basis.

hindsight (n) /ˈhaɪnd.saɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Bài học rút ra được sau khi một thứ đã xảy ra, đặc biệt là những thứ mà nếu biết trước, mình đã làm khác đi =the understanding that you have of a situation only after it has happened and that means you would have done things in a different way

Ví dụ:

With [hindsight] it is easy to say they should not have released him.
What looks obvious in [hindsight] was not at all obvious at the time.
It’s easy to criticize with the benefit of [hindsight].

historian (adj) /hɪˈstɔː.ri.ən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

nhà sử học, người viết sử =a person who studies or writes about history; an expert in history

Ví dụ:

Some [historians] think that history repeats itself.
The archive is a goldmine for [historians].
The book was written by an amateur local [historian].

impact (v) /ˈɪm.pækt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Tác động, ảnh hưởng. =the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something

Ví dụ:

the environmental [impact] of tourism.
Her speech made a profound [impact] on everyone.
They say they expect the meeting to have a marked [impact] on the future of the country.

implication (n) /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

tác động, ảnh hưởng có thể có của một hành động, một quyết định =a possible effect or result of an action or a decision

Ví dụ:

They failed to consider the wider [implications] of their actions.
The development of the site will have [implications] for the surrounding countryside.
The low level of current investment has serious [implications] for future economic growth.

indicate (v) /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chỉ ra, cho thấy =to show that something is true or exists

Ví dụ:

Record profits in the retail market [indicate] a boom in the economy.
A yellowing of the skin [indicates] jaundice.
Our vote today [indicates] a change in United States policy.

influence (n) /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Ảnh hưởng, tác dụng. Uy thế, thế lực =the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this

Ví dụ:

the [influence] of the climate on agricultural production
What exactly is the [influence] of television on children?
The government should continue to use its [influence] for the release of all hostages.

inhabitant (n) /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Người ở, người cư trú, dân cư =a person or an animal that lives in a particular place

Ví dụ:

the oldest [inhabitant] of the village
a town of 11 000 [inhabitants]
In two years the city would become almost totally empty of its former [inhabitants].

joint (adj) /dʒɔɪnt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Chung (giữa hai hay nhiều người) =belonging to or shared between two or more people

Ví dụ:

a [joint] bank account
The project was a [joint] effort between the two schools (= they worked on it together).
Jackie and Ben came to a [joint] decision as to where they would live.

label (n) /ˈleɪ.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

nhãn hàng, thương hiệu =a company that produces goods for sale, the goods themselves, or the company’s name or symbol

Ví dụ:

Her favourite designer [label] (= maker of expensive clothes) is Armani.
Their own-[label] vegetarian products have been a huge success.
The group have just signed (= arranged to record) with a new record [label].

labour force (n) /ˈleɪ.bə ˌfɔːs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Kinh tế học) Lực lượng lao động =all the people who work for a company or in a country [synonym] workforce

Ví dụ:

a skilled/an unskilled [labour force]
An increasing percentage of the [labour force] is now unemployed.
More women are in the [labour force] than ever before.

market (n) /ˈmɑː.kɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thị trường, nơi tiêu thụ; khách hàng. =the people who might want to buy something, or a part of the world where something is sold

Ví dụ:

Are you sure there’s a [market] for the product?
We estimate the potential [market] for the new phones to be around one million people in this country alone.
The foreign [market] was increasingly crucial.

meddle (v) /ˈmed.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Xen vào, dính vào, can thiệp vào. Động vào, xờ vào =to become involved in something that does not concern you [synonym] interfere to touch something in a careless way, especially when it is not yours or when you do not know how to use it correctly

Ví dụ:

He had no right to [meddle] in her affairs
Somebody had been [meddling] with her computer.
Already some people are asking whether scientists have any right to [meddle] in such matters.

merge (v) /mɜːdʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

kết hợp, sát nhập, hợp nhất =to combine or make two or more things combine to form a single thing

Ví dụ:

They decided to [merge] the two companies into one
The country’s two biggest banks are planning to [merge].
The company had [merged] with its rival the previous December.

migrate (v) /maɪˈɡreɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Di trú, di cư; ra nước ngoài =(of a lot of people) to move from one town, country, etc to go and live and/or work in another

Ví dụ:

Thousands were forced to [migrate] from rural to urban areas in search of work.
Mexican farm workers [migrate] into the US each year to find work at harvest time.
Farmers have learned that they have to [migrate] if they want to survive.

modern (adj) /ˈmɒd.ən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hiện đại =designed and made using the most recent ideas and methods:

Ví dụ:

One by one the old buildings in the city have been demolished and replaced with [modern] tower blocks.
Space travel is one of the marvels/wonders of [modern] science.
[Modern] technology has opened our eyes to many things.

modernization (n) /ˌmɒd.ən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự hiện đại hoá; sự đổi mới =the process of making a system, methods, etc more modern and more suitable for use at the present time

Ví dụ:

The [modernization] of the 100-year-old sewage and water systems will cost millions of pounds.
The property is basically sound, but in need of [modernization].
Washington’s rapid [modernizations] include the finally completed Capitol, “floating like a dream carved in whitest soap.”

monopoly (n) /məˈnɒp.əl.i/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự độc quyền trong kinh doanh, cung cấp dịch vụ =(an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share

Ví dụ:

In the past central government had a [monopoly] on television broadcasting.
Electricity, gas and water were considered to be natural [monopolies].
The United States and Britain could not hope to keep a [monopoly] on nuclear technology for more than a few years, they warned.

multicultural (adj) /ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

đa văn hoá =for or including people of several different races, religions, languages and traditions

Ví dụ:

We live in a [multicultural] society.
a [multicultural] approach to education
The school has been attempting to bring a [multicultural] perspective to its curriculum.

multiculturalism (n) /ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əˌlɪ.zəm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự đa văn hoá, sự khuyến khích đa văn hoá =the belief that different cultures within a society should all be given importance

Ví dụ:

Under the doctrine of [multiculturalism], society has fractured into competing tribes and groups.
For many years now, it has become clear that policies designed to promote [multiculturalism] have failed.
The country, for centuries open to refugees, has become one of the strongest opponents of immigration and [multiculturalism].

multinational (adj) /ˌmʌl.tiˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Công ty) đa quốc gia (kinh doanh ở nhiều nước khác nhau) =(of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries

Ví dụ:

a major [multinational] food company
In Globalization 2.0, the key agent of change, the dynamic force driving global integration, was [multinational] companies.
With a starry international cast and [multinational] locations, you never take your eyes off the screen for a second.

nation (n) /ˈneɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Dân tộc. Nước, quốc gia. =a country

Ví dụ:

All the [nations] of the world will be represented at the conference.
The Germans, as a [nation], are often thought to be well organized.
Practically the whole [nation] watched the ceremony on television.

national (adj) /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Thuộc) Dân tộc. (Thuộc) Quốc gia. =relating to or typical of a whole country and its people, rather than to part of that country or to other countries

Ví dụ:

a [national] holiday
Britain has more than ten [national] newspapers.
The company’s [national] headquarters is in Rome.

nationality (n) /ˌnæʃ.ənˈæl.ə.ti/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Quốc tịch =the official right to belong to a particular country

Ví dụ:

She has British [nationality].
What [nationality] are you?
All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or [nationality].

outlet (n) /ˈaʊt.let/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

cửa hàng tiêu thụ, cửa hàng đại lý (của một hãng) =(business) a shop/store or an organization that sells goods made by a particular company or of a particular type

Ví dụ:

The business has 34 retail [outlets] in this state alone.
a fast-food outleta retail [outlet]
This coupon not redeemable through any online retail [outlets].

predict (v) /prɪˈdɪkt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nói trước; đoán trước, dự đoán =to say that something will happen in the future [synonym] forecast

Ví dụ:

a reliable method of [predicting] earthquakes
Nobody could [predict] the outcome.
The latest opinion polls are [predicting] a very close contest.

profound (adj) /prəˈfaʊnd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sâu sắc, hết sức, hoàn toàn =felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way

Ví dụ:

[profound] changes in the earth’s climate
My father’s death had a [profound] effect on us all.
The news came as a [profound] shock.

projection (n) /prəˈdʒek.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Kinh tế học) Sự dự tính, sự dự đoán =a calculation or guess about the future based on information that you have

Ví dụ:

to make forward/backward [projections] of population figures
Sales have exceeded our [projections].
The [projections] showed the two blocs neck and neck in both the lower and upper houses.

prolong (v) /prəˈlɒŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Kéo dài; nối dài; gia hạn. =to make something last longer [synonym] extend

Ví dụ:

The operation could [prolong] his life by two or three years.
We were having such a good time that we decided to [prolong] our stay by another week.
The actual action of the drug can be [prolonged] significantly.

proportion (n) /prəˈpɔː.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

tỷ lệ =a part or share of a whole

Ví dụ:

Children make up a large [proportion] of the world’s population.
A higher [proportion] of men are willing to share household responsibilities than used to be the case.
The report shows that poor families spend a larger [proportion] of their income on food.

rapidly (adv) /ˈræp.ɪd.li/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nhanh, nhanh chóng, mau lẹ =very quickly; at a great rate

Ví dụ:

a [rapidly] growing economy
Crime figures are rising [rapidly]
In the early morning hours of June 30, 1908, in Central Siberia, a giant fireball was seen moving [rapidly] across the sky.

ridiculous (adj) /rɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Buồn cười, tức cười, lố bịch, lố lăng =very silly or unreasonable [synonym] absurd, ludicrous

Ví dụ:

I look [ridiculous] in this hat.
Don’t be [ridiculous]! You can’t pay £50 for a T-shirt!
It is [ridiculous] to suggest we are having a romance.

skeptical (adj) /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hoài nghi, đa nghi, hay ngờ vực =having doubts that a claim or statement is true or that something will happen

Ví dụ:

I am [skeptical] about his chances of winning.
The public remain [skeptical] of these claims.
She looked highly [skeptical].

soft drink (n) /ˌsɒft ˈdrɪŋk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

đồ uống không có chứa rượu =a cold drink that does not contain alcohol

Ví dụ:

Worldwide, the [soft drinks] market is totally dominated by just one or two big companies.
The study did not link diet [soft drinks] to heart trouble but they are key to losing weight.
The choice of complimentary drink includes a glass of house wine, a beer or a [soft drink].

statistics (n) /stə’tɪstɪks/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

số liệu điều tra, số liệu thống kê =a collection of numerical facts or measurements, as about people, business conditions, or weather

Ví dụ:

The [statistics] show that, in general, women live longer than men.
No [statistics] on crime were published, the total number of police officers sentenced to prison on corruption charges was anybody’s guess.
I found Bureau of Justice [statistics] reporting that black men were eight times more likely to be killed by the police than whites.

subsequent (adj) /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đến sau, theo sau, xảy ra sau =happening or coming after something else [opposite] previous Đến sau, theo sau, xảy ra sau.

Ví dụ:

The book discusses his illness and [subsequent] resignation from politics.
Those explosions must have been [subsequent] to our departure, because we didn’t hear anything.
Those concerns were overshadowed by [subsequent] events.

the masses (n) /ðə ˈmæsɪz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

quảng đại quần chúng (đặc biệt là những người có trình độ học thức nói chung là không cao) =the ordinary people in society who are not leaders or who are considered to be not very well educated

Ví dụ:

government attempts to suppress dissatisfaction among the [masses]
a TV programme that brings science to the [masses]
This issue has aroused much resentment among the [masses].

ultimately (adv) /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət.li/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Cuối cùng, sau cùng =in the end; finally

Ví dụ:

[Ultimately], you’ll have to make the decision yourself.
A poor diet will [ultimately] lead to illness.
The campaign was [ultimately] successful.

unfold (v) /ʌnˈfəʊld/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

trở nên rõ ràng, trở nên được biết đến =If a situation unfolds, it develops and becomes known or understood.

Ví dụ:

The audience watched as the story [unfolded] before their eyes.
Dramatic events were about to [unfold].
The outcome depends on conditions as well as how events [unfold].

urbanization (n) /ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự đô thị hoá =the process in which towns, streets, factories, etc are built where there was once countryside the process in which more and more people start to live and work in towns and cities rather than in the country

Ví dụ:

a time of rapid [urbanization] and industrialization
the increasing [urbanization] of Africans
Housing is probably the issue that springs most quickly to mind when [urbanization] policy is considered.

valid (adj) /ˈvæl.ɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Vững chắc, có căn cứ. =based on what is logical or true

Ví dụ:

She had [valid] reasons for not supporting the proposals.
The point you make is perfectly [valid].
It is [valid] to consider memory the oldest mental skill, from which all others derive.