The environment - Khóa học sinh viên Drive

abandon (v) /əˈbæn.dən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

bỏ cuộc, từ bỏ, thôi không làm nữa =to stop doing something, especially before it is finished; to stop having something

Ví dụ:

They [abandoned] the match because of rain.
We had to [abandon] any further attempt at negotiation
They had to [abandon] their attempt to climb the mountain.

achievable (adj) /əˈtʃiː.və.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể đạt được, có thể thực hiện được. =(of a goal, status or standard) that can be reached, especially by making an effort for a long time

Ví dụ:

Profits of $20m look [achievable].
Before you set your targets, make sure that they are [achievable].
It was an ambitious goal, but it seemed [achievable]

advantageous (adj) /ˌæd.vænˈteɪ.dʒəs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có lợi, thuận lợi. =good or useful in a particular situation [synonym] beneficial

Ví dụ:

A free trade agreement would be [advantageous] to both countries.
The lower tax rate is particularly [advantageous] to poorer families.
The scheme is [advantageous] to your company

alternative (n) /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự lựa chọn (một trong hai). Con đường, chước cách. =a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities

Ví dụ:

We can agree to their terms or else pull out of the deal completely: those are the two [alternatives].
We had no [alternative] but to fire Gibson.
There is a vegetarian [alternative] on the menu every day.

arctic (adj) /ˈɑːk.tɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(thuộc) Bắc cực; (thuộc) phương bắc. =[only before noun] related to or happening in the regions around the North Pole

Ví dụ:

Arctic explorers
Polar bears live in the [Arctic].
No trees grow in the [Arctic] regions.

arguably (adv) /ˈɑːɡ.ju.ə.bli/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể nói rằng (dùng trước khi nói một câu mình nghĩ mình có bằng chứng cho nó) =used when you are stating an opinion that you believe you could give reasons to support

Ví dụ:

He is [arguably] the world’s best football player.
[Arguably], the drug should not have been made available.
She is [arguably] the greatest woman tennis player of all time

article (n) /ˈɑː.tɪ.kəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Bài báo. =a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine

Ví dụ:

Have you seen that [article] about young fashion designers?.
There was an interesting [article] on vegetarianism in the paper yesterday.
The [article] appeared on the front page of the Guardian.

attain (v) /əˈteɪn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đến tới, đạt tới. =to succeed in getting something, usually after a lot of effort

Ví dụ:

Most of our students [attained] five ‘A’ grades in their exams.
We only consider applicants who have [attained] a high level of academic achievement.
We need to identify the best ways of [attaining] our objectives/goals.

biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Tính đa dạng sinh học. =the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment

Ví dụ:

The mining project threatens one of the world’s richest areas of [biodiversity].
To discover the patterns of [biodiversity], information on [biodiversity] has to be collected.
It’s natural decline in the habitat that’s supported that kind of [biodiversity].

challenging (adj) /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có tính thử thách =difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination

Ví dụ:

He resigned from the company in order to take a more [challenging] job.
She doesn’t find the general knowledge crossword [challenging] enough.
This has been a [challenging] time for us all.

climate change (collocation) /ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

biến đổi khí hậu =changes in the earth’s weather, especially the increase in the temperature caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide

Ví dụ:

the threat of global [climate change]
The President called for urgent action on [climate change].
Technological methods to cope with [climate change] will become more and more important.

conceivable (adj) /kənˈsiː.və.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể hiểu được, có thể nhận thức được; có thể tưởng tượng được. =that you can imagine or believe [synonym] possible

Ví dụ:

It is [conceivable] that I’ll see her tomorrow
It’s just [conceivable] (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake.
Books on every [conceivable] subject lined one wall.

conceive (v) /kənˈsiːv/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nghĩ, hiểu, quan điểm được, nhận thức; tưởng tượng. =to form an idea, a plan, etc in your mind; to imagine something

Ví dụ:

He [conceived] the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre
God is often [conceived] of as male.
I think my uncle still [conceives] of me as a four-year-old.

condemn (v) /kənˈdem/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Chỉ trích, chê trách, lên án, quy tội. =to express very strong disapproval of somebody/something, usually for moral reasons

Ví dụ:

The government issued a statement [condemning] the killings.
The editor of the newspaper was [condemned] as lacking integrity.
The movie was [condemned] for glorifying violence.

contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Làm bẩn, làm ô uế. Làm nhiễm (bệnh). =to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease

Ví dụ:

The drinking water has become [contaminated] with lead.
a river [contaminated] by pollution
Much of the coast has been [contaminated] by nuclear waste.

contamination (n) /kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự làm bẩn, sự làm ô uế; cái làm ô uế. =the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease

Ví dụ:

radioactive [contamination]
Environmental [contamination] resulting from human activities is a major health concern.
The water supply is being tested for [contamination] .

convince (v) /kənˈvɪns/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Làm cho tin, làm cho nghe theo, thuyết phục. =to make somebody/yourself believe that something is true

Ví dụ:

You’ll need to [convince] them of your enthusiasm for the job
The experience [convinced] him that Europe was on the brink of a revolution.
I hope this will [convince] you to change your mind.

deforestation (n) /ˌdiː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sự phá rừng =the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people

Ví dụ:

[Deforestation] is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest
land erosion caused by widespread [deforestation]
[deforestation] caused by foreign logging companies

detergent (n) /dɪˈtɜː.dʒənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

các hoá chất làm sạch vết bẩn như bột giặt, nước rửa chén, thuốc tẩy quần áo, v v =a liquid or powder that helps remove dirt, for example from clothes or dishes

Ví dụ:

For some it’s best to avoid soaps with [detergents] or dyes to clean sensitive areas.
They are also added to soaps and [detergents] to give them their ‘fresh lemon scent.’
Wash the garments using a soft and gentle [detergent]

devise (v) /dɪˈvaɪz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nghĩ ra, đặt (kế hoạch), sáng chế, phát minh. =to invent something new or a new way of doing something [synonym] think up

Ví dụ:

The company has also [devised] a computer program that enables people to design their own homes
The umbrella was ingeniously [devised] to fold up into your pocket.
The scheme is [devised] for young people in the 15 – 20 age band.

disposal (n) /dɪˈspəʊ.zəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự vứt bỏ, sự loại bỏ =the act of getting rid of something, especially by throwing it away

Ví dụ:

waste [disposal]
the [disposal] of hazardous substances
These bins should not be used for the [disposal] of kitchen waste.

dispose (v) /dɪˈspəʊz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

vứt bỏ, xử lý, tẩu tán đi =to get rid of somebody/something that you do not want or cannot keep

Ví dụ:

the difficulties of [disposing] of nuclear waste
to [dispose] of stolen property
Radioactive waste must be [disposed] of safely.

dominant (adj) /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Át, trội, có ưu thế hơn; có ảnh hưởng lớn, chi phối. Thống trị. =more important, strong, or noticeable than anything else of the same type

Ví dụ:

The firm has achieved a [dominant] position in the world market
The [dominant] feature of the room was the large fireplace.
The question was whether cable or wireless would become [dominant].

doubtful (adj) /ˈdaʊt.fəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đáng nghi, đáng ngờ; không rõ rệt, không chắc chắn. =unlikely; not probable

Ví dụ:

It’s [doubtful] if this painting is a Picasso.
With her injuries it’s [doubtful] that she’ll ever walk again.
It was [doubtful] that the money would ever be found again.

drought (n) /draʊt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hạn hán. =a long period of time when there is little or no rain

Ví dụ:

two years of severe [drought]
The country’s entire grain harvest has been hit by [drought].
This year (a) severe [drought] has ruined the crops.

eco-friendly (adj) /ˌiː.kəʊˈfrend.li/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

thân thiện với môi trường =not harmful to the environment

Ví dụ:

[eco-friendly] products
These [eco-friendly] businesses help recycle your old stuff.
Instead of plastic bags he takes an [eco-friendly] reusable canvas shopper.

ecosystem (n) /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hệ sinh thái. =all the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment

Ví dụ:

Islands often support delicate [ecosystems] that evolved without any need for defence.
Pollution can have disastrous effects on the delicately balanced [ecosystem].
The marine [ecosystem] of the northern Gulf had suffered irreparable damage

educated (adj) /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có giáo dục, có học thức. =having had a high standard of education; showing a high standard of education

Ví dụ:

She seemed intelligent and well [educated].
the need for a broadly [educated] workforce
She was probably the most highly [educated] prime minister of this century.

eminent (adj) /ˈem.ɪ.nənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nổi tiếng, xuất sắc. =(of people) famous and respected, especially in a particular profession

Ví dụ:

an [eminent] architect
an [eminent] scientist/artist/painter/poet/writer/historian/philosopher/scholar/professor.
The commission consisted of fifteen [eminent] political figures.

emission (n) /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

khí thải =[countable] gas, etc that is sent out into the air

Ví dụ:

The government has pledged to clean up industrial [emissions]
carbon dioxide [emissions]
These health risks are caused by vehicle [emissions].

environmentally friendly (collocation) /ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl.i ˈfrend.li/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

thân thiện với môi trường, không gây hại cho môi trường (sản phẩm) =(of products) not harming the environment

Ví dụ:

[environmentally friendly] packaging
There are a growing number of investors backing firms that are [environmentally-friendly].
Cycling is an [environmentally friendly] form of transport

erode (v) /ɪˈrəʊd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Xói mòn, ăn mòn. =to gradually destroy the surface of something through the action of wind, rain, etc ; to be gradually destroyed in this way [synonym] wear away

Ví dụ:

The cliff face has been steadily [eroded] by the sea.
The rocks have [eroded] away over time.
During its passage over land, water [erodes] vast amounts of continental rock.

exercise (n) /ˈek.sə.saɪz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

một biện pháp, một hoạt động, một phương thức làm gì đó =an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result

Ví dụ:

Staying calm was an [exercise] in self-control.
In the end it proved a pointless [exercise].
It would be a useful [exercise] for you to say the speech aloud several times.

exhaust (n) /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

khí thải =waste gases that come out of a vehicle, an engine or a machine

Ví dụ:

Car [exhaust] is the main reason for the city’s pollution.
buses spewing out black clouds of [exhaust]
It doesn’t even have the smell of engine [exhaust].

feasible (adj) /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Khả thi, có thể thực hành được, có thể thực hiện được, có thể làm được. =that is possible and likely to be achieved [synonym] practicable

Ví dụ:

a [feasible] plan/suggestion/idea
It’s just not [feasible] to manage the business on a part-time basis.
With the extra resources, the project now seems [feasible].

fertilizer (n) /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Phân bón. =a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully

Ví dụ:

artificial/chemical [fertilizers]
He spread [fertilizer] on the field with a rake.
The prices for farm equipment, [fertilizer] and fuel climb relentlessly.

fruitful (adj) /ˈfruːt.fəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có kết quả, thành công. Có lợi, mang lợi. =producing many useful results [synonym] productive

Ví dụ:

It was a most [fruitful] discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy
The research has proved extremely [fruitful].
He had a long and [fruitful] career as a research chemist.

fruitless (adj) /ˈfruːt.ləs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không có kết quả, thất bại; vô ích. =producing no useful results [synonym] unproductive

Ví dụ:

a [fruitless] attempt/search
Our efforts to persuade her proved [fruitless].
And when their efforts again prove mostly [fruitless], the cycle starts anew.

fumes (n) /fjuːmz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

khí độc, có hại cho sức khoẻ =smoke, gas, or something similar that smells strongly or is dangerous to breathe in

Ví dụ:

exhaust [fumes]
Petrol [fumes] always make me feel ill.
cigar [fumes]

futile (adj) /ˈfjuː.taɪl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Vô ích, không có hiệu quả. =having no purpose because there is no chance of success [synonym] pointless

Ví dụ:

It’s completely [futile] trying to reason with him – he just won’t listen.
All my attempts to cheer her up proved [futile].
a [futile] attempt to keep fans from mounting the stage

generate (v) /ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

tạo ra, sinh ra =to produce or create something

Ví dụ:

Her latest film has [generated] a lot of interest/excitement.
The new development will [generate] 1,500 new jobs.
Selling food will increase the club’s ability to [generate] revenue/income.

greenhouse gas (collocation) /ˌɡriːn.haʊs ˈɡæs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

khí thải nhà kính, đặc biệt là CO2 =a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide

Ví dụ:

We need a global system for limiting [greenhouse gas] emissions.
Radical steps to reduce [greenhouse gases] will have a huge effect on the economy.
Earth’s [greenhouse gases] trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet.

grocery (n) /ˈɡrəʊ.sər.iːz/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(Số nhiều) Hàng tạp hoá và thực phẩm phụ. =(plural) food and other goods sold by a grocer or at a supermarket

Ví dụ:

America’s largest [grocery] store chain will be bringing two new stores to Oakland.
I bought [groceries] for the family
He bought the cheapest [groceries] and he thought it didn’t matter.

housing estate (collocation) /ˈhaʊ.zɪŋ ɪˌsteɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

khu nhà ở (được quy hoạch và xây dựng đồng thời) =an area in which a large number of houses or flats/apartments are planned and built together at the same time

Ví dụ:

They live on a [housing estate].
a growing number of new [housing estates]
He is now thought to live on a council [housing estate] in London.

immune (adj) /ɪˈmjuːn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

miễn được, chống chịu được. an toàn (trước cái gì đấy) =not affected or upset by something

Ví dụ:

You’ll eventually become [immune] to criticism
Few men are [immune] to her charms
Our business is far from [immune] to economic conditions.

impracticable (adj) /ɪmˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không thể thi hành được, không thể thực hiện được. =impossible or very difficult to do; not practical in a particular situation

Ví dụ:

The changes to the tax system proved impracticable as they were [impossible] to enforce.
It was [impracticable] to widen the road here
It has been rejected in the past as [impracticable].

improbable (adj) /ɪmˈprɒb.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không chắc, không chắc có thực, không chắc sẽ xảy ra; đâu đâu. =not likely to be true or to happen [synonym] unlikely

Ví dụ:

It’s highly [improbable] that Norris will agree.
an [improbable]-sounding excuse
My mind raced through one [improbable] scenario after the next.

inevitably (adv) /ɪˈnev.ɪ.tə.bli/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Chắc hẳn, chắc chắn. Không thể tránh khỏi =as is certain to happen

Ví dụ:

Their arguments [inevitably] end in tears
Such a large investment [inevitably] entails some risk.
[Inevitably] some details are already out of date

inexorably (adv) /ɪˈnɛk.sər.ə.bli/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không lay chuyển được, không thể thay đổi được =in a way that cannot be stopped or changed

Ví dụ:

events leading [inexorably] towards a crisis
These events led [inexorably] to war.
The bacteria spread [inexorably] through many insect populations.

insurmountable (adj) /ˌɪn.səˈmaʊn.tə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Quá lớn không thể vượt qua được (vấn đề, khó khăn, ) =(of difficulties, problems, etc ) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully

Ví dụ:

This small country is faced with an [insurmountable] debt.
They were now faced with seemingly [insurmountable] technical problems.
In the process of bringing the film to fruition, some obstacles that seemed [insurmountable] were overcome.

irrelevant (adj) /ɪˈrel.ə.vənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

không liên quan đến thứ đang được bàn luận, do đó không quan trọng =not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not important

Ví dụ:

Whether I believe you or not is [irrelevant] now.
That evidence is [irrelevant] to the case.
The Tories are totally [irrelevant] to this whole issue.

irreparable (adj) /ɪˈrep.ər.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không thể đền bù lại được; không thể sửa lại được. =(of a loss, injury, etc ) too bad or too serious to repair or put right

Ví dụ:

to cause [irreparable] damage/harm to your health
Unless the oil spill is contained, [irreparable] damage will be done to the coastline.
They were doing [irreparable] damage to my heart and lungs

irreplaceable (adj) /ˌɪrəˈpleɪsəbəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

quá quan trọng đến mức không thể thay thế được =too valuable or special to be replaced

Ví dụ:

These pictures are [irreplaceable]
Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is [irreplaceable]
No one’s [irreplaceable] in the workplace.

irresponsible (adj) /ˌɪr.ɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

vô trách nhiệm, không nghĩ đến hậu quả hành động của mình =not thinking enough or not worrying about the possible results of what you do

Ví dụ:

It would be [irresponsible] to ignore these warnings
It would be [irresponsible] to ignore the situation.
But I do believe it was a little [irresponsible] on our part.

irreversible (adj) /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không thể đảo ngược lại; không thể thay đổi được. =that cannot be changed back to what it was before

Ví dụ:

Smoking has caused [irreversible] damage to his lungs.
an [irreversible] change/decline/decision
Technology has had an [irreversible] impact on society.

leaflet (n) /ˈliː.flɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

tờ rơi, tờ truyền đơn =a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises something

Ví dụ:

Demonstrators handed out [leaflets] to passers-by.
A [leaflet] about the new bus services came through the door today.
They were handing out [leaflets] outside the supermarket about the school board election.

liable (adj) /ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có khả năng bị; có khả năng xảy ra. =likely to do something

Ví dụ:

We’re all [liable] to make mistakes when we’re tired.
The bridge is [liable] to collapse at any moment.
If you don’t take care of yourself, you’re [liable] to get sick.

life-threatening (adj) /ˈlaɪfˌθret.ən.ɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Nguy hiểm đến tính mạng, có thể làm chết người; hiểm nghèo. =that is likely to kill somebody

Ví dụ:

His heart condition is not [life-threatening].
Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes [life-threatening] situations.
Cancer is not the only [life-threatening] condition

litter (n) /ˈlɪt.ər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Rác rưởi, rác bẩn. =small pieces of rubbish that have been left lying on the ground in public places

Ví dụ:

About two percent of fast-food packaging ends up as [litter]
There will be fines for people who drop [litter].
Always clear up after a picnic and never drop [litter]

manufacturer (n) /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃə.rər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

nhà sản xuất =a person or company that produces goods in large quantities [synonym] maker

Ví dụ:

Always follow the [manufacturer]’s instructions.
Faulty goods should be returned to the [manufacturers].
Germany is a major [manufacturer] of motor cars.

omnipresent (adj) /ˌɒm.nɪˈprez.ənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có mặt ở khắp nơi =present everywhere

Ví dụ:

These days the media are [omnipresent].
The singer became an [omnipresent] icon of style and beauty.
They believe that God is [omnipresent].

ornate (adj) /ɔːˈneɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Trang trí công phu, trang sức lộng lẫy. =covered with a lot of decoration, especially when this involves very small or complicated designs

Ví dụ:

a room with an [ornate] ceiling and gold mirrors
While poster art continued to prosper, the [ornate] details of Art Nouveau vanished.’
The church has an [ornate] black and white marbled interior

persistent (adj) /pəˈsɪs.tənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Dai dẳng, mãi không dứt, cứ lặp đi lặp lại mãi =continuing for a long period of time without interruption, or repeated frequently, especially in a way that is annoying and cannot be stopped

Ví dụ:

[persistent] rain
a [persistent] cough
I can’t take much more of this [persistent] criticism

pervasive (adj) /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Toả khắp. Lan tràn khắp, thâm nhập khắp. =existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing

Ví dụ:

The influence of Freud is [pervasive] in her books.
a [pervasive] smell of diesel
Reforms are being undermined by the all-[pervasive] corruption in the country.

pesticide (n) /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Thuốc trừ vật hại (sâu chuột làm hại hoa màu). =a chemical used for killing pests, especially insects

Ví dụ:

vegetables grown without the use of [pesticides]
crops sprayed with [pesticide]
The [pesticides] used on many farms are polluting the water supply.

pointless (adj) /ˈpɔɪnt.ləs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

vô nghĩa, vô dụng =having no purpose; not worth doing

Ví dụ:

We searched until we knew it would be [pointless] to continue.
Trying to foresee the future is a [pointless] exercise.
It seemed [pointless] to continue.

polar bear (n) /ˌpəʊ.lə ˈbeər/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

gấu trắng (sống gần Bắc Cực) =a white bear that lives near the North Pole

Ví dụ:

This Arctic fox has been following a [polar bear] for days in hopes of leftovers from a kill
We saw a baby [polar bear] at the zoo
The Arctic remains the domain of the [polar bear]

pollutant (n) /pəˈluː.tənt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Chất gây ô nhiễm (do xe cộ, động cơ thải ra). =a substance that pollutes something, especially air and water

Ví dụ:

Sulphur dioxide is one of several [pollutants] that are released into the atmosphere by coal-fired power stations.
At each link in the chain, the concentration of [pollutants] increases.
Exactly how air [pollutants] increase the risk of death is not well known.

pollute (v) /pəˈluːt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

làm ô nhiễm, gây nhiễm bẩn (nguồn nước, bầu không khí, ) =to add dirty or harmful substances to land, air, water, etc so that it is no longer pleasant or safe to use

Ví dụ:

the exhaust fumes that are [polluting] our cities.
The river has been [polluted] with toxic waste from local factories.
We won’t invest in any company that [pollutes] the environment.

pollution (n) /pəˈluː.ʃən/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự ô nhiễm =the process of making air, water, soil, etc dirty; the state of being dirty

Ví dụ:

air/water [pollution]
to reduce levels of environmental [pollution]
Car exhaust is the main reason for the city’s [pollution].

pristine (adj) /ˈprɪs.tiːn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

đẹp như mới, nguyên vẹn (đồ vật). sạch tinh khiết (nước) =fresh and clean, as if new

Ví dụ:

The car is in [pristine] condition.
a [pristine] white tablecloth
Washing machine for sale – only two months old and in [pristine] condition.

probable (adj) /ˈprɒb.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể có, có khả năng xảy ra, chắc hẳn, có lễ đúng, có lẽ thật. =likely to happen, to exist or to be true

Ví dụ:

The [probable] cause of death was heart failure.
An election in June seems increasingly [probable].
It is [probable] that share prices will fall even more.

qualify (v) /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có đủ tiêu chuẩn cần thiết để làm việc gì đó (có việc làm, tham dự kỳ thi, nhận trợ cấp, v v ) =To reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job, for example by completing a course of study or passing exams

Ví dụ:

He [qualified] as a doctor last year
To [qualify] for the competition you need to be over 18.
She doesn’t [qualify] for maternity leave because she hasn’t been in her job long enough

quantify (v) /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Xác định số lượng. =to measure or judge the size or amount of something

Ví dụ:

It’s difficult to [quantify] how many people will be affected by the change
The risks to health are impossible to [quantify].
It’s difficult to [quantify] how many people will have to pay higher taxes.

quest (n) /kwest/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

sự tìm kiếm, theo đuổi, đặc biệt là một thứ khó đạt được, khó tìm thấy =a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult

Ví dụ:

Nothing will stop them in their [quest] for truth.
She does aerobics four times a week in her [quest] to achieve the perfect body.
New equipment is being developed in a [quest] to stop drinking and driving.

questionable (adj) /ˈkwes.tʃə.nə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đáng ngờ, thiếu chắc chắn =that you have doubts about because you think it is not accurate or correct [synonym] debatable

Ví dụ:

The conclusions that they come to are highly [questionable].
It is [questionable] whether this is a good way of solving the problem.
The company’s future looked [questionable].

queue (n) /kjuː/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Hàng (người, xe ô tô ở ngã tư khi có đèn đỏ ) xếp nối đuôi. =line of people, cars, etc waiting for something or to do something

Ví dụ:

There was a long [queue] of traffic stretching down the road
If you want tickets you’ll have to join the [queue]
disapproving It makes me mad when someone jumps the [queue] (= goes straight to the front).

recyclable (adj) /ˌriːˈsaɪ.klə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có thể tái chế được =able to be recycled

Ví dụ:

Glass products are completely [recyclable].
Paper is easily [recyclable].
Are plastic bottles [recyclable] or do they go in the garbage?

refuse (n) /ˈref.juːs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đồ thừa, đồ thải, đồ bỏ đi; rác rưởi. =waste material that has been thrown away [synonym] rubbish

Ví dụ:

domestic/household [refuse]
the city [refuse] dump
[refuse] collection/disposal

repairable (adj) /rɪˈpeə.rə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể sửa chữa, có thể tu sửa. =that can be repaired [opposite] irreparable

Ví dụ:

A damaged car chassis is usually not [repairable]
All the paintings were said to be [repairable].
No one was injured and it is thought the aircraft is [repairable].

revegetate (v) /ˌriːˈvedʒɪteɪt/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Lại mọc lại, lại sinh trưởng (cây) Lại trồng lại, tái phủ xanh (đồi trọc, đất cằn) =produce a new growth of vegetation on (disturbed or barren ground).

Ví dụ:

Each spring we [revegetate] acre after acre with pine seedlings
As with his attempts to [revegetate], his attempt to replace soils mostly failed.
A few land managers even considered exotic reseeding to be a ‘natural’ way to [revegetate] the mountains.

reverse (v) /rɪˈvɜːs/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Đảo ngược, lộn ngược, lật ngược lại. =to change something completely so that it is the opposite of what it was before

Ví dụ:

The new manager hoped to [reverse] the decline in the company’s fortunes.
Now that you have a job and I don’t, our situations are [reversed].
There is pressure on the council to [reverse] its decision.

reversible (adj) /rɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có thể đảo ngược được, có thể làm cho trở lại như cũ được =can be changed back to what it was before

Ví dụ:

He believes that climate change may still be [reversible].
The surgery is not [reversible].
All of the streetcars are bright yellow, and have [reversible] wooden seats inside.

salvage (v) /ˈsæl.vɪdʒ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

cứu hàng hoá khỏi bị hư hỏng hoặc bị phá hủy, đặc biệt là từ một chiếc tàu đã bị chìm hoặc từ một tòa nhà đang bị lũ lụt/hoả hoạn =to save goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk or been damaged or a building that has been damaged by fire or a flood

Ví dụ:

gold coins [salvaged] from a shipwreck
After the fire, there wasn’t much furniture left worth [salvaging].
After the storm, we were able to [salvage] some of our belongings, but the house was destroyed.

sustain (v) /səˈsteɪn/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

giữ vững, duy trì, giữ cho cái gì đó tiếp tục tồn tại =to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time

Ví dụ:

Which planets can [sustain] life?
When she lost her job they could no longer [sustain] their expensive lifestyle.
She managed to [sustain] everyone’s interest until the end of her speech

sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

có thể duy trì lâu dài được, có thể phát triển lâu bền được =that can continue or be continued for a long time

Ví dụ:

[sustainable] economic growth
That sort of extreme diet is not [sustainable] over a long period.
Solutions put in place now must be [sustainable].

switch (n) /swɪtʃ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

chuyển hẳn sang cái gì đó =a change from one thing to another, especially when this is sudden and complete

Ví dụ:

a [switch] of priorities
She made the [switch] from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
When did the writer make the [switch] from fiction to non-fiction?

taxing (adj) /ˈtæk.sɪŋ/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Gây mệt mỏi; đòi hỏi cố gắng. =needing a great amount of physical or mental effort [synonym] demanding

Ví dụ:

a [taxing] job
This shouldn’t be too [taxing] for you.
There was nothing intellectually [taxing] about the exercise.

unattainable (adj) /ˌʌn.əˈteɪ.nə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không thể tới được, không thể đạt được. =impossible to achieve or reach

Ví dụ:

an [unattainable] goal
Setting [unattainable] goals will only lead to frustration.
But at the moment what she wants most is looking more [unattainable].

unfeasible (adj) /ʌnˈfiː.zə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không thể thực hành được, không thể thực hiện được, không thể làm được. =not possible to do or achieve

Ví dụ:

The teachers’ demands were economically [unfeasible].
Childcare is expensive, making the return to work [unfeasible] for many women
Then we went to the pub and drunk an incredibly [unfeasible] amount of Guinness each.

unprecedented (adj) /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không hề có; chưa hề thấy, chưa từng nghe thấy; vô tiền khoáng hậu. =that has never happened, been done or been known before

Ví dụ:

The situation is [unprecedented] in modern times.
This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an [unprecedented] scale.
Unemployment has reached an [unprecedented] level.

unrealistic (adj) /ˌʌn.riː.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

thiếu thực tế, không tưởng =having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can really do; not based on facts

Ví dụ:

I think she had [unrealistic] expectations of motherhood.
Expecting four year old children to sit quietly for a whole hour is just completely [unrealistic].
It’s [unrealistic] to expect an answer before next week.

unreasonable (adj) /ʌnˈriː.zən.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Vô lý, đòi hỏi quá mức =not fair; expecting too much

Ví dụ:

The job was beginning to make [unreasonable] demands on his free time.
The fees they charge are not [unreasonable].
It seems [unreasonable] to expect one person to do both jobs.

unrelated (adj) /ˌʌn.rɪˈleɪ.tɪd/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Không có liên quan. =not connected; not related to something else [synonym] unconnected

Ví dụ:

The two events were totally [unrelated].
In my free time I like to do things that are [unrelated] to my work.
Police said his death was [unrelated] to the attack.

unspoiled (adj) /ʌnˈspɔɪld/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

(cảnh quan) vẫn còn giữ nguyên vẻ đẹp tự nhiên, chưa bị tác động bởi con người =(of a place) beautiful because it has not been changed or built on

Ví dụ:

[unspoiled] countryside
It’s a country of stunning landscapes and [unspoiled] beaches.
Maninjau is a place of natural beauty, [unspoiled] by tourist developments.

viable (adj) /ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Có thể thành tựu được (kế hoạch). =that can be done; that will be successful [synonym] feasible

Ví dụ:

In order to make the company [viable], it will unfortunately be necessary to reduce staffing levels.
I am afraid your plan is not commercially/economically/financially/politically [viable].
The company had to seek other ways to remain [viable].

vital (adj) /ˈvaɪ.təl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Sống còn, quan trọng. =necessary or essential in order for something to succeed or exist,extremely important

Ví dụ:

Reading is of [vital] importance in language learning.
It’s absolutely [vital] that you do exactly as I say.
She had found out some information of [vital] importance.

worthwhile (adj) /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ UK US

Định nghĩa:

Quan trọng, thú vị hoặc đáng bỏ thời gian, tiền của hoặc nỗ lực; đáng giá; bõ công. =useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made

Ví dụ:

The smile on her face made it all [worthwhile].
If you need him on this project, you’ve got to make it financially [worthwhile] for him
She considers teaching a [worthwhile] career.