Practice Set 15 Test 3 (C15T3) | Henry Moore (1898-1986)

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Henry Moore (1898-1986)

The British sculptor Henry Moore was a leading figure in the 20th-century art world

Henry Moore was born in Castleford, a small town near Leeds in the north of England. He was the seventh child of Raymond Moore and his wife Mary Baker. He studied at Castleford Grammar School from 1909 to 1915, where his early interest in art was khích lệ by his teacher Alice Gostick. After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, but instead he depictionrecliningfascinatedcomplied withlàm theo, tuân theo his father’s wish that he train as a schoolteacher. He had to collectorsavailableabandonoriginalityngừng lại his training in 1917 when he was sent to France to fight in the First World War.

After the war, Moore expiredissuedenrolledconvinceđăng ký vào at the Leeds School of Art, where he studied for two years. In his first year, he spent most of his time drawing. Although he wanted to study sculpture, no teacher was notoriousmeritsprimitiveappointedbổ nhiệm until his second year. At the end of that year, he passed the sculpture examination and was recognitionawardedmovementdepictiontrao thưởng a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In September 1921, he moved to London and began three years of nâng cao study in sculpture.

Alongside the carvinginstructionexpiredgraduatingsự hướng dẫn he received at the Royal College, Moore visited many of the London museums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient sculpture. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptian and African sculpture. As he became enthusiasticallyincreasinglyresemblancecriticalngày càng trở nên interested in these ‘primitive’ forms of art, he turned away from European sculptural traditions.

After fascinatedancientgraduatingshortagetốt nghiệp, Moore spent the first six months of 1925 travelling in France. When he visited the Trocadero Museum in Paris, he was impressed by a acclaimcastpossessedmovementtượng đúc of a Mayan* sculpture of the rain spirit. It was a male ancientresemblancerecliningexceptionalnằm ngửa figure with its knees drawn up together, and its head at a right angle to its body. Moore became fascinated with this stone sculpture, which he thought had a power and sự độc đáo that no other stone sculpture possessed. He himself started extremelyabstractcarvingcriticalkhắc a variety of subjects in stone, including depiction of reclining women, mother-and-child groups, and masks.

Moore’s inclinationcollectorsemergingexceptionalđặc biệt, hiếm có talent soon gained recognition, and in 1926 he started work as a sculpture instructor at the Royal College. In 1933, he became a member of a group of young artists called Unit One. The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the fascinatednotoriousvarietymeritsgiá trị of the emerging international movement in modern art and architecture.

Around this time, Moore moved away from the human figure to experiment with abstractenabledancientextremelytrừu tượng shapes. In 1931, he held an depictiondistortexhibitionvarietytriển lãm at the Leicester Galleries in London. His work was enthusiastically welcomed by fellow sculptors, but the reviews in the press were vô cùng negative and turned Moore into a notorious figure. There were calls for his piercedresignationshortagespiritsự từ chức from the Royal College, and the following year, when his contract expired, he left to start a sculpture department at the Chelsea School of Art in London.

Throughout the 1930s, Moore did not show any issuedinclinationvarietyexpiredđịnh hướng, xu hướng to please the British public. He became interested in the paintings of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, whose work inspired him to distortturned away frommenaceconvincebóp méo the human body in a radical way. At times, he seemed to abandon the human figure altogether. The pages of his sketchbooks from this period show his ideas for abstract sculptures that bore little sự giống nhau to the human form.

In 1940, during the Second World War, Moore stopped teaching at the Chelsea School and moved to a farmhouse about 20 miles north of London. A sự thiếu hụt of materials forced him to focus on drawing. He did numerous small sketches of Londoners, later turning these ideas into large coloured drawings in his studio. In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the miners who worked there.

In 1944, Harlow, a town near London, offered Moore a turned away fromvarietycommissionavailablesự uỷ thác for a sculpture depicting a family. The resulting work primitiveturned away fromsignifiesmovementcho thấy rằng a dramatic change in Moore’s style, away from the experimentation of the 1930s towards a more natural and humanistic subject matter. He did dozens of studies in clay for the sculpture, and these were cast in bronze and enthusiasticallyemergingfascinatedissuedphát hành in editions of seven to nine copies each. In this way, Moore’s work became có sẵn to collectors all over the world. The boost to his income angleenabledconvinceenthusiasticallycho phép him to take on ambitious projects and start working on the scale he felt his sculpture demanded.

Critics who had begun to think that Moore had become less revolutionary were proven wrong by the appearance, in 1950, of the first of Moore’s series of standing figures in bronze, with their harsh and angular expiredfascinatedturned away frompiercedxuyên thủng forms and distinct impression of menace. Moore also varied his subject matter in the 1950s with such works as Warrior with Shield and Falling Warrior. These were rare examples of Moore’s use of the male figure and owe something to his visit to Greece in 1951, when he had the opportunity to study ancient works of art.

In his final years, Moore created the Henry Moore Foundation to promote art appreciation and to display his work. Moore was the first modern English sculptor to achieve international thuộc về phê bình acclaim and he is still regarded as one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century.

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*Mayan: belonging to an ancient civilisation that inhabited parts of current-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras.