Luyện tập: Transport Delays

Topic statementTransport is an essential part of urbanthuộc thành thị life, and lengthy journeys are frustratingchán nản and expensive for those concerned. Supporting statementThere appear to be two main causes of this, and several possible solutions, as we will explain here.

Topic statementPerhaps the main cause is the lack of investment or funding for infrastructuređầu tư hoặc tài trợ cho cơ sở hạ tầng in the form of high-capacity public transportgiao thông công cộng có sức chứa lớn and increased road space for private vehicles. Supporting statementThis means that too many vehicles use the existing network, and congestionsự tắc nghẽn is inevitable. ExampleWe see this in most large cities globally, such as London or Tokyo. Supporting statementMany conurbationskhu thành phố also lack finance for transport hubstrung tâm, đầu mối giao thông, such as integrated road and rail facilitiescơ sở vật chất which could connect public and private transportphương tiện cá nhân, thus reducing bottlenecksđường thắt nghẽn (nút cổ chai). Supporting statementA further cause seems to be the problem of overcrowdingquá tải in cities, whereby people migrate from the hinterlandvùng sâu, xa thành thị and settlesinh sống in urban areas, putting strain on amenitiestrang thiết bị tiện nghi, housing and above all on transport capacitysức chứa. Supporting statementThis means that an already stretched system is often pushed to a critical point, causing cancellations and breakdowns in the technology used, especially in situations of urban sprawlsự đô thị hóa tràn lan such as in Latin America.

Topic statementRegarding potential solutions, probably the main remedy would be to encourage investment in better infrastructure, for example through subsidies or public-private partnershipssự liên kết của cộng đồng – tư nhân as was tried successfully in Germany during the 1990’s. Supporting statementThis enhancesnâng cao the network and fostersnuôi dưỡng a sense of civic pridetự hào công dân, to everyone’s benefit. SolutionAnother solution may be to use tax incentiveskhích lệ về thuế to allow more home workinglàm việc tại nhà, so that there is less need to commutedi chuyển giao thông from the suburbsvùng ngoại ô to the inner cityvùng bên trong thành phố for work. SolutionA final response might be the development of more flexiblelinh hoạt patternshình thức, kiểu mẫu of transport, such as communal carpoolingđi chung xe, which would reduce reliancesự phụ thuộc on existingđang tồn tại systems and vehicles.

SummaryIn conclusion, it seems that outdatedlỗi thời infrastructure and overcrowdingquá tải are the key factors behind our transport frustrations. SummaryPossible solutions would involve better funding, and also innovationssáng kiến in ways of working and travelling to reduce the burdengánh nặng on the system.